Physical Appearance
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Review the available associations, their supporting evidence and the limits of each result.
These reports are for educational and informational purposes. They do not constitute medical advice or diagnosis. Consult healthcare professionals for medical decisions.
Genetics, environment and experience can all influence a trait. A statistical association is not a fixed outcome or a definition of a person.
Physical appearance is the visible expression of our genetic blueprint influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle choices.
Genetic Foundation: Features such as skin tone, eye color, hair texture, facial structure, height, and body build emerge from inherited traits but can be modified by nutrition, sun exposure, and physical activity.
Environmental Factors: Physical appearance is the visible expression of our genetic blueprint influenced by lifelong environmental factors.
Health Impact: While genetics set the foundation, mindful care—like sun protection, balanced nutrition, and regular exercise—helps maintain skin health, posture, and vitality, underscoring the dynamic interplay between nature and nurture in shaping how we present ourselves..
26 traits in this collection.
Ankle injuries (sprains and ligament damage) are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries in sport. GWAS work has identified variants near collagen and elastin genes (such as COL1A1 and COL5A1) linked to…
Average genetic tendency
Kim SK 09/28/2017
This research area looks at preference for diet drinks sweetened with non-nutritive sweeteners. Variants in taste receptor genes and reward-related genes have been studied for their links to artificially…
Average genetic tendency
Zhong VW 07/15/2019
Corneal astigmatism is a refractive error caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea, leading to blurred vision at multiple distances. GWAS work has identified variants linked to corneal shape and…
Lower astigmatism susceptibility tendency
Shah RL 2018 Dec
Bitter (PROP) taste perception here refers to a study in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome that measured how strongly people perceive the compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), a research marker of…
Average genetic tendency
Coltell O 06/01/2019
This research area looks at how often people consume bitter alcoholic drinks like beer, dry wine, or spirits with bitter notes. GWAS work has identified variants near taste receptor and alcohol-metabolism…
Average genetic tendency
Zhong VW 07/15/2019
This research area looks at preference for bitter beverages such as coffee, tea, dark chocolate drinks, and tonic water. Variants in bitter taste receptor genes (such as TAS2R38) influence sensitivity to…
Higher bitter beverage consumption tendency
Zhong VW 07/15/2019
Bone strength here refers to research on inherited differences in fracture susceptibility, including stress fractures from repeated load. GWAS work has identified variants linked to bone density, bone…
Average genetic tendency
Morris JA 2019 Feb
Hallux valgus (bunions) is a deformity of the joint at the base of the big toe, with strong heritable and biomechanical contributions. GWAS work has identified variants linked to bunion susceptibility, often…
Average genetic tendency
Arbeeva L 03/04/2020
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. Most of it sits in bones and teeth, while a small fraction circulates in blood and helps muscles, nerves, and clotting work. GWAS studies of serum calcium have…
Higher calcium levels
Chin protrusion is a heritable facial feature studied as part of overall jaw and face shape genetics. GWAS work on facial morphology has identified variants near development and craniofacial genes that…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Coffee consumption is one of the most studied dietary habits because it relates to caffeine metabolism, cardiovascular health, and reward biology. GWAS work has identified variants in CYP1A2, AHR, and other…
Higher coffee consumption tendency
Zhong VW 07/15/2019
Distance between eyeballs is a heritable facial measurement studied in research on facial morphology. GWAS work has identified variants near genes involved in craniofacial development that influence eye…
Average distance between eyeballs
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Cha S 06/19/2018
Earwax type (wet versus dry) is one of the simplest single-gene traits in humans, determined by a variant in the ABCC11 gene. The dry-earwax variant is most common in East Asian populations, while wet earwax…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
This trait reflects a UK Biobank self-report item about prolonged worry after embarrassing events, used in mood and personality research. GWAS work has identified variants linked to this self-report, with…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Nagel M 03/02/2018
This research area looks at inherited differences in how strongly people respond to environmental stress and adversity, sometimes framed as differential susceptibility. GWAS work has identified some variants…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Nagel M 2020 May
The timing of permanent tooth eruption in childhood varies between people and is partly heritable. GWAS work has identified variants near tooth-development genes (such as KCNJ2 and EDA) linked to differences…
Less number of permanent teeth before 14 years old
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Pillas D 02/26/2010
Eyelid width is a heritable facial feature studied in research on inherited differences in face shape. GWAS work on facial morphology has identified variants linked to eyelid dimensions and overall eye shape.…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
This trait reflects a UK Biobank self-report item about how often someone feels fed-up, used as part of broader mood research. GWAS work has identified variants linked to this self-report, with overlap with…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Nagel M 03/02/2018
The 2D:4D ratio compares the length of the index finger (2D) to the ring finger (4D). It is studied as a research marker of prenatal androgen exposure. GWAS work has identified variants linked to digit length…
2nd and 4th fingers have the average length ratio in your population
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Eriksson N 06/24/2010
Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a form of scarring hair loss that mostly affects post-menopausal women, with a frontal hairline pattern. GWAS work has identified variants near HLA and immune genes (such as…
Higher frontal fibrosing alopecia susceptibility tendency
Tziotzios C 03/08/2019
Frontal nasal height refers to the vertical distance from the bridge of the nose to nearby facial landmarks. It is studied in facial morphology research. GWAS work has identified variants near facial…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
This research area looks at the anxiety and tension component of neuroticism, a Big Five personality dimension. GWAS work has identified variants linked to self-reported anxiety and tension, with overlap with…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Hill WD 2020 Nov
Cannabis use research studies inherited differences in initiation and frequency of cannabis use. GWAS work has identified variants linked to lifetime cannabis use, with overlap with risk tolerance and other…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Pasman JA 2018 Sep
Empathy quotient research uses self-report scales to measure how strongly people identify with others' feelings. GWAS work has identified variants linked to self-reported empathy, with some overlap with…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Warrier V 03/12/2018
Gambling behavior research studies inherited differences in problem gambling vulnerability. GWAS and candidate-gene work has identified variants in dopamine and reward pathway genes linked to gambling traits.…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Lind PA 2013 May
Mood swings research studies inherited differences in how often and how strongly mood changes during everyday life. GWAS work has identified variants linked to self-reported mood swings, with overlap with…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Nagel M 03/02/2018
Phoneme awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate the smallest units of sound in spoken words. It is a key research measure in reading development. GWAS work has identified some variants linked to…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Gialluisi A 02/11/2019
Rapid automised naming (RAN) of digits asks people to name printed digits as quickly as possible. It is one of the strongest predictors of reading fluency in research. GWAS work has identified variants linked…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Gialluisi A 02/11/2019
Rapid automised naming (RAN) of letters asks people to name printed letters as quickly as possible. It is widely used in reading research as a predictor of fluency. GWAS work has identified variants linked to…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Gialluisi A 02/11/2019
Rapid automised naming (RAN) of pictures asks people to name common objects as quickly as possible. It is a research task linked to reading fluency and word retrieval. GWAS work has identified variants linked…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Gialluisi A 02/11/2019
This trait reflects research on inherited factors associated with frequent attendance at a religious group, used in large UK Biobank-style studies. GWAS work has identified some variants linked to this…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Day FR 07/03/2018
Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition where the upper airway repeatedly narrows or collapses during sleep, causing pauses in breathing. GWAS work has identified variants linked to airway anatomy, body fat…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Strausz S 05/06/2021
Skin sensitivity to sun is closely tied to pigmentation biology and reflects how easily skin reddens or burns after UV exposure. Variants in MC1R, ASIP, TYR, and other pigmentation genes are strongly linked to…
Population-level evidence, without an individual Low/High verdict. Open the report to review its limitations and supporting studies.
Sulem P 2007 Dec
Gluten tolerance here refers to research on how people without diagnosed celiac disease vary in how they respond to gluten-containing foods, sometimes described as non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Most genetic…
Average genetic tendency
Ricaño-Ponce I 2020 Mar
This trait reflects a UK Biobank self-report item about how often someone feels guilty, used in broader mood and personality research. GWAS work has identified variants linked to this self-report, with overlap…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Nagel M 03/02/2018
Hair curl pattern depends on the shape and size of the hair follicle and on cross-links inside the hair shaft. Variants in TCHH (trichohyalin), EDAR, and other hair structure genes have been linked to…
Less likely to have straighter hair
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Eriksson N 06/24/2010
This trait reflects research on whether and how often people seek help from a general practitioner for mental or emotional concerns. GWAS work has identified some variants linked to help-seeking behavior, with…
Average genetic tendency
Cai N 2020 Apr
This trait reflects a UK Biobank self-report item about how easily someone feels hurt by others, used in mood and personality research. GWAS work has identified variants linked to this self-report, with…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Nagel M 03/02/2018
Iris crypts are small openings in the front layer of the iris, contributing to overall iris pattern. GWAS work on iris features has identified variants near genes involved in iris development and pigmentation…
Only parallel and/or densely packed curly fibers
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Larsson M 08/12/2011
Iris nevi are small pigmented spots in the iris, similar to moles on the skin. Most are benign and stable. GWAS work has identified pigmentation-related variants linked to the presence of iris nevi. This…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Iris patterns include features such as crypts, Wolfflin nodules, and pigmentation rings. They are studied because they are partly heritable and contribute to overall eye appearance. Variants in pigmentation…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Iris pigmentation rings are darker bands of pigment that can appear in the iris, contributing to iris pattern. GWAS work on iris features has identified pigmentation and structural variants linked to ring…
Intermediate level of uniformity
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Larsson M 08/12/2011
Iron is essential for hemoglobin in red blood cells and for many enzymes. Researchers track several iron biomarkers, including transferrin, ferritin, and serum iron. Variants in HFE and TMPRSS6, among others,…
Average genetic tendency
Benyamin B 10/29/2014
Irritable mood research uses self-report items to study how easily people feel irritated or annoyed. GWAS work has identified variants linked to self-reported irritability, with overlap with neuroticism and…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Nagel M 03/02/2018
Receptive language ability measures how well people understand spoken or written language. It is one component of broader language skills. GWAS work has identified variants linked to language and…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Good
Nudel R 07/07/2020
Lead is a heavy metal with no useful role in the body. Researchers study blood lead levels because chronic exposure has measurable health effects. Variants in genes that affect metal transport and…
Average genetic tendency
Warrington NM 07/01/2015
Handedness reflects which hand is preferred for fine motor tasks. About 10 percent of people are predominantly left-handed. GWAS work has identified variants linked to left-handedness, including signals near…
Average genetic tendency
Cuellar-Partida G 2021 Jan
Life satisfaction is a global self-evaluation of one's life and is one of the most widely used well-being measures. GWAS work has identified variants linked to life satisfaction, with overlap with happiness,…
Higher life satisfaction tendency
Baselmans BML 2019 Mar
This trait reflects a UK Biobank self-report item about how often someone feels miserable, used in broader mood research. GWAS work has identified variants linked to this self-report, with overlap with…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Nagel M 03/02/2018
Lower lip height is a facial morphology measurement studied in research on inherited differences in face shape. GWAS work has identified variants near craniofacial development genes linked to lip dimensions.…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Magnesium is a mineral involved in hundreds of enzyme reactions, including energy production and muscle and nerve function. GWAS work has identified variants near genes that regulate magnesium absorption and…
Average genetic tendency
Tin A 05/29/2015
Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is one of the most studied health behaviors, often measured by self-report or accelerometers. GWAS work has identified variants linked to physical activity levels,…
Lower moderate physical activity tendency
Klimentidis YC 2018 Jun
Itch intensity after a mosquito bite varies widely between people because of differences in immune response to mosquito saliva. GWAS work has identified variants near immune and skin biology genes linked to…
Lower mosquito bite itch susceptibility tendency
Jones AV 04/01/2017
Motion sickness happens when the brain receives mismatched signals from the inner ear, eyes, and body sensors. GWAS work has identified more than 30 variants linked to motion sickness susceptibility, with some…
Average genetic tendency
Hromatka BS 05/01/2015
Nasal protrusion describes how far the bridge of the nose extends from the face. It is studied as a heritable facial feature. GWAS work has identified variants near genes involved in craniofacial development…
Normal odds of having a prominent nasal protusion
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Paternoster L 03/09/2012
Nasal tip height refers to the vertical position of the tip of the nose, studied in research on facial morphology. GWAS work has identified variants near genes that affect cartilage development and…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
The nasolabial angle is the angle between the nose and the upper lip. It is studied in facial morphology research and aesthetic surgery. GWAS work has identified variants linked to nasal and lip shape that…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
This trait reflects a UK Biobank self-report item about how easily someone feels nervous, used in mood and personality research. GWAS work has identified variants linked to this self-report, with overlap with…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Low
Nagel M 03/02/2018
Nose bridge breadth refers to the width of the bridge of the nose. It is one of the most studied features in facial morphology research. GWAS work has identified variants near genes for cartilage and bone…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Nose columella inclination describes the angle of the strip of tissue between the nostrils. It is part of nasal morphology research. GWAS work on facial morphology has identified variants linked to columella…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Nose size includes overall length, width, and projection of the nose, studied in facial morphology research. GWAS work has identified variants near genes involved in cartilage and craniofacial development…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
The angle of the nose tip (relative to the face) is a heritable feature studied in facial morphology research. GWAS work has identified variants near genes involved in cartilage and craniofacial development…
Slightly higher odds of increased nose tip angle
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Cha S 06/19/2018
Nose wing breadth describes the width of the nostrils (alae). It is a heritable feature studied in facial morphology research. GWAS work has identified variants near craniofacial development genes linked to…
Slightly higher odds of wider nasal wing breadth
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Adhikari K 05/19/2016
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a plant-based omega-3 fatty acid found in flaxseed, walnuts, and chia. The body can convert a small fraction of ALA into longer-chain omega-3s like EPA and DHA. Variants in the…
Higher omega-3 (ALA) processing tendency
Lemaitre RN 2011 Jul
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is an intermediate long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, sitting between EPA and DHA in the conversion pathway. Variants in the FADS gene cluster influence the desaturase enzymes that…
Higher efficiency in processing omega-3 (DPA)
Lemaitre RN 2011 Jul
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish. It is studied for its role in inflammation pathways and cardiovascular biology. Variants in the FADS gene cluster affect how…
Average genetic tendency
Lemaitre RN 2011 Jul
Phosphorus is a mineral that combines with calcium in bones and teeth and is also involved in energy metabolism (as ATP) and DNA structure. GWAS work has identified variants near genes regulating phosphorus…
Average genetic tendency
Kestenbaum B 2010 Jul
Positive affect research measures how often people experience pleasant emotions like joy, enthusiasm, or contentment. GWAS work has identified variants linked to positive affect, with overlap with well-being…
Higher positive affect tendency
Baselmans BML 2019 Mar
Information processing speed measures how quickly people can take in and respond to information, often using reaction-time tasks. GWAS work has identified variants linked to processing speed, with overlap with…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Low
Luciano M 2011 Mar
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin condition that causes scaly, inflamed plaques. GWAS work has identified more than 60 variants linked to psoriasis, including strong signals in the HLA region…
Average genetic tendency
Tsoi LC 05/05/2015
This trait reflects research on inherited factors associated with frequent attendance at a gym or sports club, a behavior with health implications. GWAS work has identified variants linked to self-reported…
Average genetic tendency
Day FR 07/03/2018
Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that causes facial redness, flushing, and sometimes bumps or visible blood vessels. GWAS work has identified variants near HLA, IL-13, and other immune-related genes linked…
Average genetic tendency
Aponte JL 08/01/2018
Salty taste perception here refers to a study in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome that examined inherited differences in how strongly salt is perceived on the tongue. Variants in taste-receptor and…
Average genetic tendency
Coltell O 06/01/2019
Keloids are raised scars that grow beyond the original wound boundary because of excess collagen production during healing. GWAS work has identified variants linked to keloid susceptibility, with notably…
Average genetic tendency
Nakashima M 2010 Sep
Skin aging is studied in research using microtopography (fine wrinkles, surface roughness) and other measurable skin features that change with age and sun exposure. GWAS work has identified variants near…
Average genetic tendency
Law MH 2017 Sep
Sleep duration refers to how many hours a person typically sleeps in a 24-hour period. Most adults function best on 7 to 9 hours. GWAS work has identified variants in genes that influence circadian rhythm and…
Average genetic tendency
Dashti HS 03/07/2019
Sleep quality refers to how restorative sleep feels, including how easily someone falls asleep, how often they wake, and how rested they feel. GWAS work has identified variants linked to insomnia traits, sleep…
Average genetic tendency
Byrne EM 2013 Jul
Smell sensitivity covers research on inherited differences in how strongly people detect a wide range of odors. GWAS work has identified variants in olfactory receptor genes that influence detection thresholds…
Average genetic tendency
Dong J 2015 Nov
This trait reflects a UK Biobank-derived measure of how often people drive faster than the speed limit. GWAS work has identified variants linked to this behavior, with overlap with risk tolerance and…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Karlsson Linnér R 2019 Feb
Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes that can affect vision development, especially in children. It has both inherited and environmental contributors. GWAS work has identified variants linked to strabismus…
Average genetic tendency
Plotnikov D 2019 Jul
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is a major focus of nutrition research because of its links to weight, dental health, and metabolic outcomes. GWAS work has identified variants in taste and reward-related…
Average genetic tendency
Zhong VW 07/15/2019
Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) is sweating beyond what is needed for temperature regulation. It can be primary (often inherited) or secondary to other conditions. Genetic research has identified some…
Average genetic tendency
Endo C 06/12/2018
Tea consumption research looks at inherited differences in how often people drink tea across cultures. Variants near caffeine-metabolism and taste-related genes have been examined for their links to tea…
Higher tea consumption tendency
Zhong VW 07/15/2019
This trait reflects a UK Biobank self-report item about how often someone feels tense, used in mood and personality research. GWAS work has identified variants linked to this self-report, with overlap with…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Nagel M 03/02/2018
Adventurousness research looks at how strongly people are drawn to novelty, sensation, and risk-tinged experiences. GWAS work has identified variants linked to self-reported adventurousness, with overlap with…
Average genetic tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Very Low
Karlsson Linnér R 2019 Feb
Tooth morphology covers heritable features of teeth, including crown shape, cusp number, and root form. GWAS work and population studies have identified variants near tooth development genes (such as EDAR)…
The markers available in this file do not support a result for this trait.
85% genetic influence 15% environmental influence
Triglycerides are the main type of fat in blood and food. They store and transport energy and are part of the standard lipid panel. GWAS work has identified many variants influencing triglyceride levels,…
Average genetic tendency
Wan JY 06/01/2021
Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that often appear in the legs and have a strong inherited component. GWAS work has identified variants near genes involved in vein wall structure and venous valve…
Average genetic tendency
Verbal declarative memory is the ability to recall verbal information, such as words from a list or details from a story. It is one of the most studied cognitive measures. GWAS work has identified variants…
Average genetic tendency
Debette S 04/15/2015
High myopia is severe nearsightedness, usually defined as a refractive error of -6 diopters or worse. It carries higher risks of eye complications. GWAS work has identified variants linked to high myopia,…
Average genetic tendency
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential for red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and nerve function. The body cannot make it, so it has to come from diet or supplements. GWAS work has identified variants near…
Average genetic tendency
Nongmaithem SS 07/01/2017
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble antioxidant that supports collagen synthesis, immune function, and iron absorption. Variants in SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 (vitamin C transporters) have been linked to…
Average genetic tendency
Zheng JS 2021 Jan
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant present in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. The main biologically active form in humans is alpha-tocopherol. GWAS studies have identified variants near genes that handle…
Average genetic tendency
Major JM 10/01/2011
Eudaimonic well-being refers to a sense of meaning, purpose, and personal growth, distinct from short-term pleasure. GWAS work has identified variants linked to eudaimonic well-being, with substantial overlap…
Higher well-being - eudaimonic tendency
Baselmans BML 10/02/2018
Subjective well-being combines life satisfaction and positive affect into a single measure of how people feel about their lives. GWAS work has identified variants linked to subjective well-being, with overlap…
Average genetic tendency
Okbay A 2016 Jun
Worry research uses self-report scales to measure how often and how strongly people worry in everyday life. GWAS work has identified variants linked to self-reported worry, with overlap with anxiety and…
Higher worry tendency
Weak, population-level genetic association, not a personal diagnosis.
Evidence rating: Low
Nagel M 2018 Jul
Facial wrinkles are creases that develop in the skin over time due to a mix of intrinsic aging and external damage. GWAS work has identified variants near collagen, elastin, and pigmentation genes linked to…
Average genetic tendency
Hamer MA 2018 Aug
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