Genetic associations studied in phonological-awareness research

Learning & Memory

Phoneme awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate the smallest units of sound in spoken words. It is a key research measure in reading development.

GWAS work has identified some variants linked to phoneme awareness and other reading-related traits.

This result reflects research-level variation in reading-related cognition and is not a reading assessment.

Early language exposure, education, hearing, and overall reading practice strongly affect actual phoneme awareness.

All traits Compare samples

Selected sample: Demo Report
Report markers: 17 SNP entries
Genes: 0
Research: 1 study

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Research summary

What this trait studies

Research summary, not an individual result

This trait is presented as population-level genetic research rather than an individual Low/High verdict, because the science behind it is either too preliminary, too easily misread as a diagnosis, or too sensitive to responsibly reduce to a single badge.

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Explore the evidence

Behind this report

Review the genes, tested markers and supporting research.

SNPs tested

These are the unique genetic markers analyzed for this trait. Genotypes showing "--" were not identified in your DNA file. Report marker totals can include repeated study entries; this table shows each SNP once.

Genotypes and reported variant frequencies
SNP	Genotype	Variant allele	Frequency
rs9925265	GA	A	53.66%
rs6888116	CC		35.82%
rs281238	CC		42.27%
rs73579354	--	G	84.89%
rs74406200	--	T	82.09%
rs7515853	--		19.38%
rs7645322	--		57.74%
rs7769947	--		37.41%
rs7783045	--	T	91.42%
rs79661460	--	A	93.11%
rs10178861	--		40.48%
rs11153138	--		61.73%
rs11314719	--		76.63%
rs11648635	--		13.20%
rs2833870	--	C	94.12%
rs62446997	--	C	84.39%
rs71522613	--		84.85%

DNA Genics reports genotypes based on the 'positive' strand of the human genome reference sequence (build 37/HG19). Other companies may use the opposite strand, so genotypes may need conversion for comparison.

Research studies

The following peer-reviewed scientific studies support the genetic associations analyzed in this report.

Genome-wide association scan identifies new variants associated with a cognitive predictor of dyslexia

Evidence

Very strong scientific evidence

02/11/2019 Transl Psychiatry

Authors: Gialluisi A, Andlauer TFM, Mirza-Schreiber N, Moll K, Becker J, Hoffmann P, Ludwig KU, Czamara D, St Pourcain B, Brandler W, Honbolygó F, Tóth D, Csépe V, Huguet G, Morris AP, Hulslander J, Willcutt EG, DeFries JC, Olson RK, Smith SD, Pennington BF, Vaessen A, Maurer U, Lyytinen H, Peyrard-Janvid M, Leppänen PHT, Brandeis D, Bonte M, Stein JF, Talcott JB, Fauchereau F, Wilcke A, Francks C, Bourgeron T, Monaco AP, Ramus F, Landerl K, Kere J, Scerri TS, Paracchini S, Fisher SE, Schumacher J, Nöthen MM, Müller-Myhsok B, Schulte-Körne G

Study sample: 2,563 individuals (european ancestry)