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Food Intake Control

Behavioral Response

Food intake control refers to the biological systems that signal hunger, fullness, and food reward, balancing energy intake against energy needs.

GWAS work has identified variants near hypothalamic and reward-circuit genes (such as FTO, MC4R, and BDNF) linked to differences in appetite and intake control.

This result reflects research-level variation in appetite biology and is not a measure of self-discipline or a diet plan.

Sleep, stress, food environment, meal composition, hormones, medications, and culture all strongly shape day-to-day eating.

All traits Compare samples

Selected sample: Demo Report
Report markers: 12 SNP entries
Genes: 4
Research: 1 study

Important Medical Disclaimer

This report is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or be used solely by the customer in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of any disease or health condition. If you have serious medical conditions, including but not limited to weight-related issues, diabetes, or heart disease, you should not make changes to your diet or exercise routine without consulting your healthcare provider. Under no circumstances should you modify your medication or medical care without professional medical guidance. Find more information at this link

Your report

Genetic tendency

Slightly higher food addiction

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Evidence and coverage

Confidence score

Very high

Read the evidence rating alongside the markers detected in your file. Confidence and tendency describe different aspects of this report.

Markers detected12 / 12100% coverage of report entries

Trait influence breakdown

Genetic 65% 65% Environment 35% 35%

Explore the evidence

Behind this report

Review the genes, tested markers and supporting research.

Genes analyzed

Gene summaries include genomic locations and associated markers. A detected genotype does not by itself indicate a health condition.

Understanding the data

SNP: A specific genetic marker relevant to this trait.
Genotype: The DNA letters reported at a marker location.
Variant allele: The alternative DNA sequence at the SNP site.
Variant allele frequency: The reported percentage of the reference population carrying this variant.
Variant found: Whether the variant was detected in your DNA file.

4 of 4 genes have detected genotypes.

FTO

This gene is a nuclear protein of the AlkB related non-haem iron and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase superfamily but the exact physiological function of this gene is not known. Other non-heme iron enzymes function to reverse alkylated DNA and RNA damage by oxidative demethylation. Studies in mice and humans indicate a role in nervous and cardiovascular systems and a strong association with body mass index, obesity risk, and type 2 diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

GeneCards

Chromosome: 16
Start: 53,701,692
End: 54,158,512
Build: HG19

Associated SNPs 1 / 1 detected

Associated markers for FTO
SNP	Genotype	Ref. allele	Variant allele	Frequency	Status
rs9939609	AT	T	A	34.01%	Detected

LEPR

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the gp130 family of cytokine receptors that are known to stimulate gene transcription via activation of cytosolic STAT proteins. This protein is a receptor for leptin (an adipocyte-specific hormone that regulates body weight), and is involved in the regulation of fat metabolism, as well as in a novel hematopoietic pathway that is required for normal lymphopoiesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with obesity and pituitary dysfunction. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. It is noteworthy that this gene and LEPROT gene (GeneID:54741) share the same promoter and the first 2 exons, however, encode distinct proteins (PMID:9207021).[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

GeneCards

Chromosome: 1
Start: 65,420,652
End: 65,641,559
Build: HG19

Associated SNPs 1 / 1 detected

Associated markers for LEPR
SNP	Genotype	Ref. allele	Variant allele	Frequency	Status
rs1137101	AG	A	G	58.43%	Detected

MC4R

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound receptor and member of the melanocortin receptor family. The encoded protein interacts with adrenocorticotropic and MSH hormones and is mediated by G proteins. This is an intronless gene. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

GeneCards

Chromosome: 18
Start: 60,371,062
End: 60,372,775
Build: HG19

Associated SNPs 1 / 1 detected

Associated markers for MC4R
SNP	Genotype	Ref. allele	Variant allele	Frequency	Status
rs17782313	CT	T	C	24.00%	Detected

NPY

This gene encodes a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the central nervous system and influences many physiological processes, including cortical excitability, stress response, food intake, circadian rhythms, and cardiovascular function. The neuropeptide functions through G protein-coupled receptors to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), regulate intracellular calcium levels, and activate potassium channels. A polymorphism in this gene resulting in a change of leucine 7 to proline in the signal peptide is associated with elevated cholesterol levels, higher alcohol consumption, and may be a risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The protein also exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

GeneCards

Chromosome: 7
Start: 24,284,188
End: 24,291,862
Build: HG19

Associated SNPs 1 / 1 detected

Associated markers for NPY
SNP	Genotype	Ref. allele	Variant allele	Frequency	Status
rs16147	CT	T	C	51.70%	Detected

SNPs tested

These are the unique genetic markers analyzed for this trait. Genotypes showing "--" were not identified in your DNA file. Report marker totals can include repeated study entries; this table shows each SNP once.

Genotypes and reported variant frequencies
SNP	Chromosome	Genotype	Variant allele	Frequency
rs1137101	1	AG	G	58.43%
rs16147	7	CT	C	51.70%
rs9939609	16	AT	A	34.01%
rs17782313	18	CT	C	24.00%

DNA Genics reports genotypes based on the 'positive' strand of the human genome reference sequence (build 37/HG19). Other companies may use the opposite strand, so genotypes may need conversion for comparison.

Research studies

The following peer-reviewed scientific studies support the genetic associations analyzed in this report.

Increasing association between a neuropeptide Y promoter polymorphism and body mass index during the course of development

Evidence

Statistical significance

2012 Dec

Authors: Hohmann S, Buchmann AF, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Banaschewski T, Laucht M

Genetic tendency

Behind this report

Genes analyzed

No genes match your search

SNPs tested

Research studies

Increasing association between a neuropeptide Y promoter polymorphism and body mass index during the course of development