Monte Castelo and Guaporé wetland contexts
Monte Castelo (site or scholarly name, not an established ancient self-designation)
Monte Castelo combines construction, food remains, ceramics and other practices in a wetland setting. Layered evidence reveals changing uses rather than one unchanging economy or political identity.
Communities, landscapes, and the evidence
Rivers, forests, wetlands, and connections
The Guaporé wetlands connect river and seasonal floodplain environments. The public town point does not locate funerary deposits or exposed remains.
Political organization and community scale
Households and coordinated construction are research questions; the material sequence does not identify a timeless centralized state.
Colonial transformation, living heritage, and modern reception
The atlas excludes human-remains imagery and genetic classifications. Modern research and surviving Indigenous use require respectful, non-prescriptive treatment.
The 2021 study describes occupation and construction deposits; not every shell layer has the same function.
The 2017 study interprets rice phytolith changes as domestication evidence; the publisher correction must accompany important use.
The 2025 thesis examines lithic diversity over time, complementing plant and ceramic research.
A concise, sourced timeline
These milestones are orientation points, not a complete history.
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Early occupation layers
The 2021 sequence identifies early deposits separately from later construction.
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Rice-management evidence
The phytolith study places its domestication interpretation in this broad interval, not at the origin of every crop.
Food, craft, language, labor, and belief
Languages named in this profile
- The registered evidence does not securely establish every resident's spoken language; no language is assigned from material style alone.
Language family: No secure assignment from this evidence
Shell, soil and built layers have distinct formation histories.
Plant management persisted through changes in material evidence.
Independent DNAGENICS AI-assisted educational summaries, not reproductions of the cited works or professional scholarly review. Cited communities, museums, researchers, universities, heritage authorities, UNESCO and publishers did not author or endorse this atlas. Names identify sources only; no logos, source imagery, human remains, restricted cultural expressions or sensitive coordinates are reproduced. Public availability does not establish cultural consent. Use the site's contact channel for corrections or concerns.
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The guide can explain and connect facts already present on this page. It cannot search the open web, establish identity or citizenship, or evaluate ancestry and genetic information.
AI-generated interpretation of genetic similarity, not proof of ancestry. Informational only, not professional advice.
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Before you continue: the analysis you are about to generate is produced by an AI model. AI output can be incomplete, inaccurate, or simply wrong. It describes statistical genetic similarity to reference populations and is not proof of ancestry, ethnicity, identity, or descent. It is provided for informational and educational purposes only, and is not medical, diagnostic, genealogical, legal, or other professional advice. Do not rely on it to make health, financial, legal, or family decisions. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, DNA Genics, S.L. accepts no liability for any loss or decision arising from your use of this AI output.
Sources used for this page
Prefer Indigenous and community-linked institutions, national heritage authorities, accountable archaeological projects, original studies and institutional collections documentation. Source titles, publishers, dates and stable links identify the evidence. Distinguish a conference abstract, bibliographic record, field study, scholarly synthesis, heritage proposal and completed interpretation. Attribute written and oral accounts by composition date, genre, language, audience, transmission and viewpoint.
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C1
Orinoquia: The Archaeology of the Orinoco River Basin
Journal of World Prehistory 16, author-shared scholarly synthesis · Attributed scholarly synthesis; models are not direct observations of all communities · 2002
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C2
Chiribiquete National Park: The Maloca of the Jaguar
UNESCO World Heritage Centre · Institutional heritage record; individual panel chronology requires separate evidence · Inscribed 2018; record accessed 2026-10-20
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C3
Nuevos aportes a la arqueología del sitio Saladero, bajo Orinoco, Venezuela
José R. Oliver, UCL, author-shared conference paper · Original conference research; not all interpretations are final consensus · Presented 2013; author record 2014
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C4
A fase Açutuba: um novo complexo cerâmico na Amazônia Central
Arqueología Suramericana 2(1), World Archaeological Congress archive · Original archaeological study in archived journal issue · 2006
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C5
Early and Middle Holocene Hunter-Gatherer Occupations in Western Amazonia: The Hidden Shell Middens
PLOS ONE · Original archaeological study or institutional project account · 2013-08-28
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C6
Paleoindian cave dwellers in the Amazon: research annotation
Library of Congress, Handbook of Latin American Studies · Institutional critical bibliographic annotation, not a new excavation · 1996 study; annotation accessed 2026-10-20
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C7
Lidar reveals pre-Hispanic low-density urbanism in the Bolivian Amazon
Nature 606, 325-328 · Original archaeological study or institutional project account · 2022
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C8
Ecological Modelling and Indigenous Systems of Resource Use: Examples from South Venezuela
Antropológica 55, 51-72, UNAM archive · Original methodological and ethnographic analysis, not a prehistoric social census · 1981
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C9
Pre-Columbian agricultural landscapes, ecosystem engineers, and self-organized patchiness in Amazonia
PNAS 107, 7823-7828 · Original archaeological study or institutional project account · 2010
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C10
The unique functioning of a pre-Columbian Amazonian floodplain fishery
Scientific Reports · Original archaeological study or institutional project account · 2018
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C11
Intentional creation of carbon-rich dark earth soils in the Amazon
Science Advances 9, eadh8499 · Original collaborative research, including Kuikuro Indigenous Association contributors · 2023
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C12
En riesgo continuo por el ecoturismo: la realidad de las áreas protegidas en el Amazonas
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia · Protected-area care and access-risk guidance, not visitor permission · 2025-12-12
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C13
Shared Stewardship and Ethical Returns
Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian · Comparative collections ethics, not site-specific cultural consent · Institutional policy resource accessed 2026-10-20
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S1
Facing Change through Diversity: plant management at the Monte Castelo shellmound
Quaternary 4(1), 8 · Original archaeological study or institutional project account · 2021
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S2
Evidence for mid-Holocene rice domestication in the Americas
Nature Ecology & Evolution 1, 1693-1698 · Original archaeological study or institutional project account · 2017, publisher correction 2018
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S3
Os vestígios líticos do sambaqui Monte Castelo: diversidade material através do tempo
Universidade de São Paulo · Original archaeological thesis and repository record · 2025
Editorial review: October 20, 2026