Ancient Individual

A man buried in Hungary in the Copper Age era

Name: DNAGENICS DNA Analysis Platform
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Author: DNAGENICS

A man buried in Hungary during the Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr Culture, Hungary

A fragment of the ancient world, preserved across millennia in strands of DNA.

I2793

4442 BCE - 4250 BCE

Male

Hungary

Explore Their Story Discover Your Shared Roots

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Chapter I

Identity

The biological and cultural markers that define this ancient individual

Sample ID

I2793

Date Range

4442 BCE - 4250 BCE

Cultural Period

Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr Culture, Hungary

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

Y-DNA Haplogroup

I-CTS10057

Chapter II

Place

Where this individual was discovered

Country Hungary

Locality Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3

Coordinates 47.1916, 20.4023

Chapter III

Time

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

I2793 4442 BCE - 4250 BCE

Chapter IV

Story

The narrative of this ancient life

The Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr culture, spanning approximately 4500 to 4000 BCE, represents a significant period within the Chalcolithic cultures of Central Europe, specifically within the region now known as Hungary. This culture is noteworthy for its advancements in metallurgy, settlement patterns, and sociocultural complexity, reflecting broader trends in prehistoric Europe.

Geography and Environment

The Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr culture was primarily situated in the Carpathian Basin, encompassing areas of modern-day eastern Hungary, western Romania, and parts of Slovakia and Ukraine. This region is characterized by vast alluvial plains, rolling hills, and river systems, notably the Tisza and Bodrog rivers, which facilitated agriculture, trade, and communication.

Chronology and Development

The Tiszapolgár culture emerged from the earlier Neolithic phases and gradually evolved into the Bodrogkeresztúr phase. This transition marks a shift towards increased complexity in social structures and technological proficiency. It represents a critical phase in the cultural continuum leading to the later Bronze Age cultures.

Material Culture

Pottery
The pottery of the Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr culture is distinguished by its craftsmanship and aesthetic. Early Tiszapolgár ceramics were characterized by simple forms and incised decorations, while the later Bodrogkeresztúr phase saw more elaborate designs, including intricate geometric patterns and the use of graphite paint. The vessels were often globular or bag-shaped, serving both utilitarian and ritualistic purposes.

Metallurgy
This culture is among the early adopters of copper metallurgy in Central Europe. The inhabitants produced a variety of copper tools and ornaments, such as axes, chisels, pins, and beads. These items suggest the development of specialized metallurgical knowledge and signify increasing social stratification, as metal objects were likely status symbols.

Stone and Bone Tools
Apart from metallurgy, stone and bone tools remained prevalent. Flint blades, adzes, and scrapers were common, indicating practices of agriculture, hunting, and domestic tasks. Bone awls and pins further illustrate daily life activities and garment construction.

Settlement Patterns

Settlements in the Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr culture ranged from small, scattered hamlets to larger, more complex communities. These were often strategically located on elevated land near water sources, facilitating agriculture and providing defensive advantages. Archaeological evidence suggests the presence of longhouses, storage pits, and specialized work areas.

Economy and Subsistence

The economy was primarily agrarian, with evidence of cereal cultivation, including wheat and barley, alongside animal husbandry involving cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. Supplementary subsistence strategies included hunting, fishing, and foraging. The presence of tools and storage facilities indicates a mixed economy, with surplus production in agriculture.

Social Structure and Burial Practices

The social structure is inferred from burial practices, which display a range of grave goods and burial types. Wealthier individuals were often interred with copper objects, pottery, and personal adornments, highlighting their status. The variation in burial rites indicates a society with emerging social hierarchies and possibly tribal affiliations or family lineages.

Art and Symbolism

Artistic expression is evident in pottery decoration, personal adornments, and symbolic motifs found in various artifacts. These artistic elements likely held cultural and religious significance, reflecting beliefs and worldviews of the Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr people.

Interaction and Influence

The Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr culture was not isolated. Trade and cultural exchange with neighboring regions facilitated the spread of technologies, ideas, and materials. Interaction with the Balkans and other Central European cultures played a crucial role in the diffusion of metallurgical skills and stylistic influences in pottery and toolmaking.

Conclusion

In summary, the Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr culture of Hungary represents a dynamic and transformative period in prehistoric Central Europe. Its advancements in metallurgy, distinctive material culture, and evolving social structures laid foundational aspects for subsequent European prehistoric developments. Through continued archaeological study, this culture continues to reveal insights into the complexities and interconnectedness of early European societies.

Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
I2199	Early Neolithic Spain	5214 BCE	Burgos. El Prado de Pancorbo, Spain	View
I2467	Chalcolithic Spain	2474 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. El Sotillo, Spain	View
I0802	Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany	3400 BCE	Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany	View
I0800	Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany	3348 BCE	Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany	View
I0449	Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary	5000 BCE	Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa. grave 18, Hungary	View
I1560	Middle Neolithic Germany	3800 BCE	Erwitte-Schmerlecke, Germany	View
I1893	Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary	5034 BCE	Alsónyék-Elkerülő 2, Hungary	View
I1904	Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5209 BCE	Bátaszék-Lajvér, Hungary	View
I1593	Middle Neolithic Blatterhohle, Germany	3644 BCE	Blatterhole Cave, Germany	View
I1563	Middle Neolithic Blatterhohle, Germany	3626 BCE	Blatterhole Cave, Germany	View
I1565	Middle Neolithic Blatterhohle, Germany	3725 BCE	Blatterhole Cave, Germany	View
I1876	Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 1, Hungary	5656 BCE	Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary	View
I1882	Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5300 BCE	Budakeszi. Szőlőskert-Tangazdaság, Hungary	View
I1883	Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5303 BCE	Tolna-Mözs TO26, Hungary	View
I1885	Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary	5363 BCE	Versend-Gilencsa, Hungary	View
I1981	Chalcolithic Spain	3013 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I2351	Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary	4300 BCE	Tolna-Mözs TO3, Hungary	View
I2352	Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary	4900 BCE	Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary	View
I2353	Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary	4500 BCE	Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary	View
I2354	Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary	4500 BCE	Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary	View
I2355	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary	View
I2356	Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary	4500 BCE	Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary	View
I2357	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Pusztataskony Ledence 1, Hungary	View
I2358	Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary	5000 BCE	Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary	View
I2359	Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary	5000 BCE	Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary	View
I2368	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3300 BCE	Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary	View
I2369	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3370 BCE	Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary	View
I2370	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3345 BCE	Alsónémedi, Hungary	View
I2371	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3361 BCE	Alsónémedi, Hungary	View
I2374	Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary	6000 BCE	Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary	View
I2375	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Tiszadob-Ó-Kenéz, Hungary	View
I2376	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Tiszadob-Ó-Kenéz, Hungary	View
I2377	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary	5210 BCE	Tiszadob-Ó-Kenéz, Hungary	View
I2378	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Hejőkürt-Lidl logisztikai központ, Hungary	View
I2379	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary	5209 BCE	Hejőkürt-Lidl logisztikai központ, Hungary	View
I2380	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szatmár Group, Hungary	5500 BCE	Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary	View
I2382	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szatmár Group, Hungary	5500 BCE	Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary	View
I2383	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5300 BCE	Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary	View
I2387	Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary	5000 BCE	Hódmezővásárhely-Kökénydomb Vörös tanya, Hungary	View
I2394	Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary	4341 BCE	Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary	View
I2395	Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary	4500 BCE	Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary	View
I0056	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5211 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0100	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5205 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2014	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5204 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2020	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2022	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I3270	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain	View
I3271	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain	View
I3272	Chalcolithic Spain	3307 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain	View
I3269	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain	View
I4181	Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5300 BCE	Bölcske-Gyűrűsvölgy, Hungary	View
I4183	Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary	4928 BCE	Szemely-Hegyes, Hungary	View
I4184	Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary	4932 BCE	Szemely-Hegyes, Hungary	View
I4185	Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary	5026 BCE	Alsónyék-Elkerülö 2, Hungary	View
I4186	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Esztár Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Ebes-Sajtgyár, Hungary	View
I4187	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Esztár Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Ebes-Zsongvölgy, Hungary	View
I4189	Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary	4300 BCE	Alsónyék. site 11, Hungary	View
I4196	Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5300 BCE	Budakeszi. Szőlőskert-Tangazdaság, Hungary	View
I4199	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Tiszadob-Ó-Kenéz, Hungary	View
I1594	Middle Neolithic Blatterhohle, Germany	3338 BCE	Blatterhole Cave, Germany	View
I1838	Chalcolithic Spain	3356 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain	View
I1843	Chalcolithic Spain	3015 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I1887	Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary	5400 BCE	Versend-Gilencsa, Hungary	View
I1889	Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary	5205 BCE	Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary	View
I1890	Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary	5100 BCE	Fajsz Garadomb, Hungary	View
I1891	Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary	5203 BCE	Fajsz Garadomb, Hungary	View
I1894	Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary	5400 BCE	Versend-Gilencsa, Hungary	View
I1896	Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary	5317 BCE	Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary	View
I1899	Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary	4900 BCE	Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary	View
I1900	Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary	4797 BCE	Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary	View
I1901	Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary	4900 BCE	Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary	View
I1903	Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary	4900 BCE	Bátaszék-Lajvér, Hungary	View
I1906	Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary	4900 BCE	Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary	View
I1908	Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary	4300 BCE	Keszthely-Fenékpuszta. Pusztaszentegyházi-dűlő, Hungary	View
I1909	Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary	4239 BCE	Lánycsók. Csata-alja, Hungary	View
I1972	Early Neolithic Spain	4836 BCE	Burgos. El Prado de Pancorbo, Spain	View
I1975	Chalcolithic Spain	3092 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain	View
I2743	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Cegléd. site 4/1, Hungary	View
I2744	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Cegléd. site 4/1, Hungary	View
I2745	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary	5300 BCE	Cegléd. site 4/1, Hungary	View
I2746	Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary	5000 BCE	Vésztő-Mágor, Hungary	View
I2752	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3600 BCE	Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary	View
I2753	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3333 BCE	Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary	View
I2754	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3338 BCE	Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary	View
I2755	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3600 BCE	Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary	View
I2763	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3363 BCE	Vörs, Hungary	View
I2783	Middle Chalcolithic Hunyadihalom Culture, Hungary	4228 BCE	Nemesnádudvar-Papföld. M9/7 lh., Hungary	View
I2785	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3600 BCE	Vámosgyörk MHAT telep, Hungary	View
I2788	Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary	3910 BCE	Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary	View
I2789	Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary	3800 BCE	Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary	View
I4971	Early Neolithic Hunter-Gatherer Körös Culture, Hungary	5737 BCE	Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza, Hungary	View
I4972	Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary	6000 BCE	Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza, Hungary	View
I5838	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I2794	Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary	5713 BCE	Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary	View
I1880	Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 2, Hungary	5800 BCE	Lánycsók. Gata-Csatola, Hungary	View
I0166	Neolithic Germany	4600 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2373	Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary	6000 BCE	Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary	View
I3276	Chalcolithic Spain	3096 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I3273	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3606 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain	View
I2790	Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary	3768 BCE	Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary	View
I1907	Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary	4334 BCE	Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary	View
I2793	Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr Culture, Hungary	4442 BCE	Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary	View
I2367	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3333 BCE	Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary	View
I2791	Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary	3649 BCE	Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary	View
I2366	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3340 BCE	Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary	View
I1877	Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 2, Hungary	5713 BCE	Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary	View
I2739	Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5307 BCE	Alsónyék-Bátaszék. site 11, Hungary	View
I1878	Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 1, Hungary	5830 BCE	Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary	View
I1895	Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary	5318 BCE	Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary	View
I2384	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5305 BCE	Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary	View
I1905	Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary	4834 BCE	Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary	View
I4188	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5300 BCE	Polgár-Piócás, Hungary	View
I3535	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5217 BCE	Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary	View
I3537	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szatmár Group, Hungary	5479 BCE	Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary	View
I1902	Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary	4900 BCE	Felsőörs-Bárókert, Hungary	View
I0447	Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary	5000 BCE	Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa. grave 4, Hungary	View
I3536	Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5300 BCE	Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary	View
I0046	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5211 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0659	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5210 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0821	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5205 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I1550	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2030	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0048	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5210 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2036	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0057	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5215 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2038	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5350 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2032	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2029	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5299 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2037	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5210 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2026	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2008	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5211 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2016	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2017	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2021	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2005	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5299 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0447		5000 BCE	Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa. grave 4, Hungary	View
I2373		6000 BCE	Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary	View
I1877		5713 BCE	Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary	View
I3535		5217 BCE	Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary	View
I3536		5300 BCE	Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary	View
I3537		5479 BCE	Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary	View
I4188		5300 BCE	Polgár-Piócás, Hungary	View
I0018		5307 BCE	Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany	View
I2739		5307 BCE	Alsónyék-Bátaszék. site 11, Hungary	View
I2790		3768 BCE	Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary	View
I2791		3649 BCE	Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary	View
I2793		4442 BCE	Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary	View
I1895		5318 BCE	Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary	View
I1902		4900 BCE	Felsőörs-Bárókert, Hungary	View
I1905		4834 BCE	Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary	View
I1907		4334 BCE	Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary	View
I1878		5830 BCE	Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary	View
I2366		3340 BCE	Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary	View
I2367		3333 BCE	Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary	View
I2384		5305 BCE	Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary	View
I0046		5211 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0659		5210 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0048		5210 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I1550		5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0821		5205 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0057		5215 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2005		5299 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2008		5211 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2016		5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2017		5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2021		5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2026		5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2029		5299 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2030		5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2032		5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2036		5500 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2037		5210 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I2038		5350 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I3273		3606 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain	View
I3276		3096 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I2357		5300 BCE	Pusztataskony Ledence 1, Hungary	View
I2373		6000 BCE	Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary	View

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
I2793	Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr Culture, Hungary	4442 BCE	Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary	View

Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

Scientific Publication

Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers

Authors Lipson M, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Mallick S, Pósa A, Stégmár B et al.

Abstract

Ancient DNA studies have established that Neolithic European populations were descended from Anatolian migrants who received a limited amount of admixture from resident hunter-gatherers. Many open questions remain, however, about the spatial and temporal dynamics of population interactions and admixture during the Neolithic period. Here we investigate the population dynamics of Neolithization across Europe using a high-resolution genome-wide ancient DNA dataset with a total of 180 samples, of which 130 are newly reported here, from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods of Hungary (6000-2900 bc, n = 100), Germany (5500-3000 bc, n = 42) and Spain (5500-2200 bc, n = 38). We find that genetic diversity was shaped predominantly by local processes, with varied sources and proportions of hunter-gatherer ancestry among the three regions and through time. Admixture between groups with different ancestry profiles was pervasive and resulted in observable population transformation across almost all cultural transitions. Our results shed new light on the ways in which gene flow reshaped European populations throughout the Neolithic period and demonstrate the potential of time-series-based sampling and modelling approaches to elucidate multiple dimensions of historical population interactions.

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