EFA006 - A man buried in Spain in the Late Bronze Age era

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Portrait reconstruction of A man buried in Spain in the Late Bronze Age era
Ancient Individual

A man buried in Spain in the Late Bronze Age era

A man buried in Spain during the Late Bronze Age Spain

A fragment of the ancient world, preserved across millennia in strands of DNA.

EFA006
1200 BCE - 1000 BCE
Male
Spain
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Chapter I

Identity

The biological and cultural markers that define this ancient individual

Sample ID

EFA006

Date Range

1200 BCE - 1000 BCE

Cultural Period

Late Bronze Age Spain

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

K1a4a1

Y-DNA Haplogroup

R1b1a1b1a1a2

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Chapter II

Place

Where this individual was discovered

Country Spain
Locality Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges
Coordinates 40.0049, 3.8620
Chapter III

Time

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

EFA006 1200 BCE - 1000 BCE
Chapter IV

Story

The narrative of this ancient life

Overview

Late Bronze Age Spain (c. 1300–800 BCE) encompasses a time when Iberian communities expressed their identities through regional Bronze Age styles while remaining connected to broader exchange networks. Archaeology emphasizes the interplay of local settlement lifeways with the movement of metals, objects, and technological knowledge.

Region & Environment

Across much of Iberia, Bronze Age lifeways were shaped by Mediterranean climates with seasonal rainfall and productive agricultural zones. Coastal and riverine landscapes facilitated transport, while inland areas could provide access to mineral resources, supporting craft production and trade.

Historical Context

This period follows earlier Bronze Age phases and leads into the Iron Age. Archaeological sequences suggest changing political and economic organization, including shifts in where people lived and how valued goods were produced and circulated. Rather than a single uniform “Iberian” state, the Late Bronze Age is characterized by multiple regional traditions.

Populations & Lifeways

Settlements range from small villages to more defensible communities in some areas. Agricultural production and herding likely remained central, with craft specialization—particularly in metalworking—playing an important role in local economies. Access to prestigious objects may have been uneven, as implied by artifact distributions in domestic and funerary contexts.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Material culture is strongly visible in bronze artifacts (tools and personal ornaments), ceramic assemblages, and standardized forms that vary by region. Comparison of vessel shapes, metal styles, and associated contexts helps archaeologists define regional groupings and track connections across Iberia and beyond. Hoards and burial assemblages (where documented) further show how communities valued and managed objects.

Culture & Society

The Atlantic Bronze Complex label points to shared material traditions along western European routes, but Iberia also shows local adaptations. Together, styles of metalwork, ceramics, and burial practice indicate that social identities were expressed through shared formats while communities maintained regional differences.

Legacy & Transition

As the Late Bronze Age waned, archaeological patterns increasingly foreshadow Iron Age developments in technology, settlement, and social organization. Continued movement of goods and ideas helped create the conditions for later transformations in Iberia’s cultural landscape.

Chapter V

Genetics

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 98.3%
Southern European 59.7%
Iberian 29.7%
Italian 21.7%
Sardinian 8.4%
Northwestern European 36.8%
English 23.7%
Northwestern European 8.2%
Finnish 4.8%
Eastern European 1.7%
Eastern European 1.7%
Asia 1.7%
Northern West Asian 1.4%
Mesopotamian 1.4%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Spain in the Late Bronze Age era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Spanish Biscay
1.4187
2
French Bearn
1.5299
3
Spanish Burgos
1.5472
4
French South
1.6598
5
French Chalosse
1.6654
6
Spanish Aragon North
1.7762
7
Basque French
1.7780
8
French Bigorre
1.8059
9
Spanish Pais Vasco
1.8744
10
Spanish Barcelones
1.9143
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
ALM035 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM047 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM053 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM056 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM062 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM069 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM070 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM071 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM075 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM079 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM084 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM088 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM073 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1889 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM060 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1878 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM001 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1960 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM002 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1943 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM004 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM006 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1919 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM007 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM008 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM014 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM015 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1898 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM016 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1945 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM017 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1882 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM018 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM019 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2127 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM020 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM021 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM024 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM025 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM026 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM027 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM028 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM040 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2012 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM041 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1944 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM042 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM043 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1882 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM044 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1896 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM046 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1883 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM048 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM049 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM050 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM034 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1954 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM003 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM029 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM032 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM036 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM039 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1739 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM051 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM055 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM057 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1874 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM063 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM064 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM067 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM068 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM076 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM078 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM081 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM086 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1932 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM087 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
I1304 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1741 BCE Murcia. La Almoloya. El Argar, Spain View
ALM080 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM031 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM030 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM058 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM077 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
ALM052 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1884 BCE Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya, Spain View
EFA006 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA008 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA009 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA010 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA011 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA007 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
BAS003 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2023 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
BAS022 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1750 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
BAS023 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2130 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
BAS024 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2192 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
BAS025 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2134 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
BAS027 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
BAS002 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1620 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
BAS018 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1865 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
BAS026 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2000 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
BAS017 The Argaric Culture of Spain 1871 BCE Murcia. Totana. La Bastida, Spain View
LHO002 Bronze Age La Horna, Spain 1620 BCE Alicante. Aspe. La Horna, Spain View
LHO001 Bronze Age La Horna, Spain 1611 BCE Alicante. Aspe. La Horna, Spain View
MDP002 Early El Argar Culture Molinos de Papel, Spain 2200 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Molinos del Papel, Spain View
MDP003 Early El Argar Culture Molinos de Papel, Spain 2197 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Molinos del Papel, Spain View
MDP001 Early El Argar Culture Molinos de Papel, Spain 2297 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Molinos del Papel, Spain View
MIV001 Neolithic to Bronze Age Transition in Iberia 2200 BCE Barcelona. Terrasa. Miquel Vives, Spain View
CBR004 Bronze Age Cabezo Redondo, Southeast Spain 1538 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cabezo Redondo, Spain View
CMO001 The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia 1881 BCE Murcia. Moratalla. Cerro del Morrón, Spain View
CMO002 The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia 1888 BCE Murcia. Moratalla. Cerro del Morrón, Spain View
CMO003 The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia 1750 BCE Murcia. Moratalla. Cerro del Morrón, Spain View
LOT001 The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia 2021 BCE Murcia. Lorca. Los Tintes, Spain View
MMI004 The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia 2000 BCE Murcia. Lorca. Madre Mercedarias Iglesias, Spain View
LHO003 Bronze Age Southeast Iberia 1669 BCE Alicante. Aspe. La Horna, Spain View
PLZ001 Bronze Age Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Peñón de la Zorra, Spain View
PUC001 Bronze Age Southeast Iberia 1879 BCE Alicante. Villena. Puntal de los Carniceros, Spain View
PUC002 Bronze Age Southeast Iberia 1741 BCE Alicante. Villena. Puntal de los Carniceros, Spain View
PUC003 Bronze Age Southeast Iberia 1882 BCE Alicante. Villena. Puntal de los Carniceros, Spain View
PUC004 Bronze Age Southeast Iberia 1748 BCE Alicante. Villena. Puntal de los Carniceros, Spain View
CDM001 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 2559 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain View
CDM002 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 2579 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain View
CDM003 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain View
CDM004 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain View
CDM005 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain View
CDP001 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo, Spain View
CDP002 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo, Spain View
CDP006 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo, Spain View
CDP008 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo, Spain View
CDP011 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo, Spain View
CLL001 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CLL002 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CLL003 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CLL004 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CLL005 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CLL006 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CLL008 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CLL009 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CLL010 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CLL011 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas, Spain View
CDP003 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo, Spain View
CDP009 Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia 3300 BCE Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo, Spain View
MON013 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 3300 BCE Sevilla. Valencina de la Concepción. PP4-Montelirio, Spain View
MON015 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 3300 BCE Sevilla. Valencina de la Concepción. PP4-Montelirio, Spain View
MON016 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 3300 BCE Sevilla. Valencina de la Concepción. PP4-Montelirio, Spain View
MON017 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 3300 BCE Sevilla. Valencina de la Concepción. PP4-Montelirio, Spain View
MON029 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 3300 BCE Sevilla. Valencina de la Concepción. PP4-Montelirio, Spain View
MON014 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 1750 BCE PP4-Montelirio (Andalusia, Sevilla, Valencina de la Concepción), Spain View
MON019 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 3300 BCE PP4-Montelirio (Andalusia, Sevilla, Valencina de la Concepción), Spain View
MON020 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 3300 BCE PP4-Montelirio (Andalusia, Sevilla, Valencina de la Concepción), Spain View
MON021 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 3300 BCE PP4-Montelirio (Andalusia, Sevilla, Valencina de la Concepción), Spain View
MON033 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 3300 BCE PP4-Montelirio (Andalusia, Sevilla, Valencina de la Concepción), Spain View
MON036 Chalcolithic Southwest Iberia 2893 BCE PP4-Montelirio (Andalusia, Sevilla, Valencina de la Concepción), Spain View
ZAP002 The Argaric Culture of Spain 2200 BCE Murcia. Lorca. Zapatería, Spain View
Sample ID Culture/Period Date Location Action
EFA006 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA008 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA009 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA010 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA011 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
EFA007 Late Bronze Age Spain 1200 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges, Spain View
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

Scientific Publication

Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

Authors Villalba-Mouco V, Oliart C, Rihuete-Herrada C, Childebayeva A, Rohrlach AB et al.
Abstract

The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting ~2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.

View in DNAGENICS View Original Publication

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

EFA006,0.12196114,0.14828092,0.04932834,0.00738746,0.05065162,0.00033814,-0.0016254,0.00225792,0.02420364,0.03538084,-0.00822956,0.01247094,-0.02134484,-0.01001128,0.01033456,-0.00265142,-0.01203454,-0.00126574,-0.0007471,-0.0021177,0.0060499,0.00471186,-0.01057244,-0.00657804,0.00096712
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