Deep History of the Americas: Communities, Cities, and Living Heritage
Lower Coatzacoalcos basin and southern Gulf Coast lowlands · Profil avec revue des sources

San Lorenzo and Formative Gulf Coast communities

San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán

Landscape modification, residential terraces, stone sculpture, water and transport routes, subsistence evidence, and surrounding settlements show a major Early Formative center embedded in tropical lowland communities.

Formative-period settlement, landscape, craft, and regional political context Major development approximately 1500-850 BCE, with later occupations Settlement archaeology, stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, landscape modification, sculpture, domestic terraces, plant evidence, regional survey, and material sourcing San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán archaeological zone in Veracruz; a major regional center, not an ethnic capital for every community labeled Olmec
Aperçu

Éléments probants, paysages, échelle communautaire, organisation politique et connexions

Paysages régionales, mouvement, échange et géographie historique

Navigable rivers, floodplains, wetlands, tropical resources, farms, terraces, and routes to volcanic stone sources shaped settlement and regional connections.

Organisation politique et échelle communautaire

Large-scale landscape work, sculpture, production, and regional relationships suggest concentrated authority and unequal access, but institutional form and titles are reconstructed rather than directly recorded.

Transformation ultérieure, patrimoine vivant et réception moderne

INAH and local communities steward the archaeological zone. Ancient Gulf Coast evidence does not determine modern Indigenous identity, recognition, cultural ownership, ancestry, or descent.

Major florescence approximately 1200-900 BCE

A site chronology, not the lifespan of one homogeneous Olmec nation.

Current INAH interpretation [S1]
Landscape work terraces and reshaped plateau

Construction records organized labor but does not disclose exact political offices.

Current research [S1] [S3]
Label Olmec

A scholarly archaeological and art-historical category whose relation to self-identity and language is unresolved.

Reviewed 2026 [S2] [S3]
Séquence historique

Uma cronologia breve e documentada

Ces repères servent d'orientation et ne constituent pas une histoire complète.

  1. Early settlement phases

    Communities expanded occupation, subsistence, and landscape use during phases identified archaeologically as Ojochi and Bajío.

  2. Monumental and population growth

    Terraces, sculpture, production, and regional influence developed alongside maize cultivation and other subsistence practices.

  3. Major reorganization

    Population and activity declined amid debated conflict, environmental, health, and political factors; simple invasion or disappearance stories are unsupported.

  4. Archaeological research and public stewardship

    Excavation, conservation, museum work, and INAH protection continue to revise the site's history.

Culture et langue

Foyers, paysages, subsistance, travail, langue, croyances, artisanat, échange et mobilité

Langues mentionnées dans ce profil

  • No deciphered written language corpus securely identifies every resident
  • Later regional languages cannot be projected automatically backward

Famille linguistique: Unresolved; archaeological style cannot determine one spoken language or ethnicity

Residents reshaped a natural plateau with enormous quantities of fill and residential terraces.

Volcanic stone moved from the Tuxtla region for monuments and other works.

Population and abandonment figures remain archaeological estimates rather than censuses.

Monuments, elite burials, inscriptions, imported objects, and colonial records are often more visible than households, women, children, farmers, fishers, craftspeople, migrants, captives, enslaved or coerced people, and rural communities. Evidence gaps must not be filled with primitive, vanished-race, empty-continent, foreign-builder, lost-civilization, or one-way-civilization narratives.

Guide de recherche IA

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Registre des preuves

Sources utilisées pour cette page

Prefer Indigenous Nations and community heritage organizations, national and regional heritage authorities, museums working through accountable stewardship, UNESCO records, and peer-reviewed archaeological projects. Register oral traditions, Indigenous knowledge, inscriptions, and colonial testimony with date, genre, language, audience, and viewpoint. Do not register Wikipedia or add artifact, sacred-site, burial, rock-art, or human-remains imagery without per-file licensing, attribution, consultation, and ethical review.

  1. C1

    Identifying Cultural Affiliation

    National Park Service, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Program · Repatriation and consultation guidance · Current federal guidance

  2. C2

    Shared Stewardship and Ethical Returns

    Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian · Indigenous museum stewardship resource · Current institutional resource

  3. C3

    Monumental Earthworks of Poverty Point

    UNESCO World Heritage Centre · International heritage record · 2014; current record

  4. C4

    Tikal National Park

    UNESCO World Heritage Centre · International heritage record · 1979; current record

  5. C5

    Sacred City of Caral-Supe

    UNESCO World Heritage Centre · International heritage record · 2009; current record

  6. C6

    Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System

    UNESCO World Heritage Centre · International heritage and community-stewardship record · 2014; current record

  7. C7

    Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks

    UNESCO World Heritage Centre · International heritage record · 2023; current record

  8. C8

    Fossilized Footprints

    White Sands National Park, National Park Service · Federal archaeological and paleontological resource · Current park research resource

  9. C9

    About the National Institute of Anthropology and History

    Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia · National archaeology and heritage authority · Current institutional resource

  10. C10

    Research at the National Museum of the American Indian

    Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian · Community-centered museum research resource · Current institutional resource

  11. S1

    Zona Arqueológica de San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan

    Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia · National archaeology authority resource · Updated 2025

  12. S2

    San Lorenzo archaeological context

    Lugares INAH · National museum and site resource · Current institutional resource

  13. S3

    Arqueología journal research resources

    Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia · National peer-reviewed archaeology journal · Current journal archive

Les sources et les noms restent la propriété de leurs éditeurs et communautés respectifs. Ils sont mentionnés à des fins de citation et d'éducation ; leur présence n'implique aucune recommandation de DNAGENICS par ces derniers. Les résumés sont des paraphrases éditoriales originales et doivent être comparés à la source liée pour tout usage important.

Revisión editorial: 5 août 2026