Deep History of the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas: Highlands, Valleys, and Connected Worlds
Eastern plateau and upper Lancang valley · Profil avec revue des sources

Karuo and eastern plateau households

Karuo (卡若)

Plant remains place food choices at the center of settlement history. Millet, later wheat, hunting, gathering, and fishing complicate any single-origin story of plateau farming.

Neolithic settlement and multi-resource subsistence context Third-second millennia BCE, with context-specific dates Archaeobotanical sampling, charred crop remains, settlement excavations, and regional food-economy comparisons Karuo archaeological site, Chamdo (approximate orientation); approximate orientation only, never a territorial, ethnic, linguistic, religious, cultural, or sovereignty boundary.
Aperçu

Paysages de hauts plateaux, communautés e institutions cambiantes

Plateaux, vallées et paysages régionaux connectés

The upper Lancang landscape joined plateau valleys and lower-elevation environments. Food networks changed over time.

Organisation politique et échelle communautaire

Domestic production and cooperation are investigated; neither a unified Karuo polity nor its leadership is demonstrated.

Transformation ultérieure, patrimoine vivant et réception moderne

Modern plant studies have revised interpretations of grain procurement and cultivation. Present communities are not assigned automatic descent from the settlement.

Millet important around 2700-2100 calibrated BCE

The 2021 researchers argue that local cultivation was possible, not established for every context.

Source review: 2026-10-19 [S1]
Later crops wheat appears after the mid-second millennium BCE

Changing grains belong to a longer subsistence history.

Source review: 2026-10-19 [S1]
Comparison altitude affected cultivation choices

Crop ecology and archaeological sampling constrain regional explanations.

Source review: 2026-10-19 [S2] [S3]
Séquence historique

Uma cronologia breve e documentada

Ces repères servent d'orientation et ne constituent pas une histoire complète.

  1. Millet-centered food use

    Systematic plant evidence supports an important role for millet.

  2. Crop repertoire changes

    Wheat appears while the role of millet may decline.

  3. Comparative archaeobotany

    Published work compared crops from Karuo and western plateau contexts.

  4. Subsistence reassessed

    New plant studies place farming beside other resources and management strategies.

Culture et langue

Foyers, travail, langue, croyances et éléments probants matériels

Langues mentionnées dans ce profil

  • No directly attested Neolithic language

Famille linguistique: Material classifications do not establish linguistic descent

Dietary diversity can support occupation without one universal farming package.

Wheat at a later stage does not demonstrate wholesale population replacement.

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Sources utilisées pour cette page

Prefer accountable excavation teams, heritage authorities, academic inscription editions, institutional collections, and community-linked conservation projects. Registered sources are HTTPS and exclude Wikipedia. Royal, religious, colonial, and modern national narratives require attribution.

  1. C1

    Archaeology of the Tibetan Plateau

    Anke Hein, Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, Springer · Academic archaeological synthesis · 2018

  2. C2

    Middle and Late Pleistocene Denisovan subsistence at Baishiya Karst Cave

    Xia et al., Nature · Primary archaeological and proteomic study · 2024

  3. C3
  4. C4

    Comment on Permanent human occupation of the central Tibetan Plateau in the early Holocene

    Zhang et al., Science · Published technical challenge to permanent-occupation interpretation · 2017

  5. C5
  6. C6

    Old Tibetan Documents Online

    Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies · Academic manuscript and inscription editions · Texts of the seventh-twelfth centuries; current critical corpus

  7. C7

    Early West Tibetan Buddhist Monuments

    Austrian Academy of Sciences · Textual and architectural research project · Archived research project

  8. C8

    Text, Art and Performance in Bon Ritual

    University of Vienna, CIRDIS · Community-linked ritual and art research · 2012-2016 project

  9. C9

    Preserving earthen architecture: Lessons learned from two case studies

    Fuchs, Milchin and Krist, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports · Primary conservation research · 2024

  10. C10

    The Sinja Valley Excavation in 2000 A.D.

    Evans and Gibson with Acharya, Harward and Kunwar, Ancient Nepal 153; University of Cambridge archive · Primary Nepalese-Cambridge excavation report · 2003

  11. S1

    Farming and multi-resource subsistence in the third and second millennium BC: archaeobotanical evidence from Karuo

    Song et al., Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · Primary archaeobotanical study · 2021

  12. S2

    Moving agriculture onto the Tibetan plateau: the archaeobotanical evidence

    Peking University institutional research repository · Primary archaeobotanical publication record · 2014

  13. S3

    Into thin air: prehistoric intensive crop management in high altitude western Tibet

    Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology · Primary crop-management study with regional comparisons · 2024

Les sources et les noms restent la propriété de leurs éditeurs et communautés respectifs. Ils sont mentionnés à des fins de citation et d'éducation ; leur présence n'implique aucune recommandation de DNAGENICS par ces derniers. Les résumés sont des paraphrases éditoriales originales et doivent être comparés à la source liée pour tout usage important.

Revisión editorial: 19 octobre 2026