mtDNA Haplogroups
maternal lineage haplogroups passed from mother to all children
2,991 Haplogroups
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Q1a
Q1a
Oceania, particularly among indigenous populations of Papua New Guinea and Melanesia. It is a subclade of haplogroup Q, which is mainly found in these regions.
~15,000 years ago
0 subclades
R
R
South Asia, with significant early dispersal into Europe, East Asia, and Oceania. It is a major branch of the macro-haplogroup N and has many descendant lineages spread across Eurasia
~60,000 years ago
13 subclades
R0
R0
The Near East, with significant spread into North Africa, Europe, and parts of Southwest Asia
~15,000 years ago
1 subclades
| Code | Name | Origin | Time | Subclades | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q1 | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~38,000 years ago | 3 | |
| Q1a | Q1a | Oceania, particularly among indigenous populations of Papua New Guinea and Melanesia. It is a subclade of haplogroup Q, which is mainly found in these regions. | ~15,000 years ago | 0 | |
| Q1B | Q1B | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~20,000 years ago | 0 | |
| Q1C | Q1C | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~25,000 years ago | 0 | |
| Q1D | Q1D | Near Oceania (New Guinea region) | ~20,000 years ago | 0 | |
| Q2 | Q2 | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~30,000 years ago | 2 | |
| Q2A | Q2A | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~15,000 years ago | 1 | |
| Q2A3 | Q2A3 | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~9,000 years ago | 0 | |
| Q2B | Q2B | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~15,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R | R | South Asia, with significant early dispersal into Europe, East Asia, and Oceania. It is a major branch of the macro-haplogroup N and has many descendant lineages spread across Eurasia | ~60,000 years ago | 13 | |
| R0 | R0 | The Near East, with significant spread into North Africa, Europe, and parts of Southwest Asia | ~15,000 years ago | 1 | |
| R0A | R0A | Southern Arabia (Arabian Peninsula) | ~20,000 years ago | 3 | |
| R0A1 | R0A1 | Southern Arabian Peninsula | ~12,000 years ago | 2 | |
| R0A1A | R0A1A | Southern Arabian Peninsula | ~9,000 years ago | 1 | |
| R0A1A5 | R0A1A5 | Southern Arabian Peninsula | ~4,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R0A1B | R0A1B | Southern Arabian Peninsula | ~9,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R0A2 | R0A2 | Southern Arabian Peninsula | ~11,000 years ago | 3 | |
| R0A2B | R0A2B | Southern Arabian Peninsula | ~6,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R0A2D | R0A2D | Southern Arabian Peninsula | ~9,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R0A2J | R0A2J | Southern Arabian Peninsula | ~9,000 years ago | 1 |