Beyond cigarettes per day. A genome-wide association study of the biomarker carbon monoxide.
Bloom AJ, Hartz SM, Baker TB et al.
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Abstract
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Rationale: The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 locus is associated with self-reported smoking behavior and also harbors the strongest genetic associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Because the associations with lung disease remain after adjustment for self-reported smoking behaviors, it has been asserted that CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 variants increase COPD and lung cancer susceptibility independently of their effects on smoking.
1,521 European ancestry smoker individuals, 247 African American smoker individuals
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