Research Publication
The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
Olalde I, Brace S, Allentoft ME et al.
29466337
PubMed ID
144
Authors
03/08/2018
Published
439
Samples
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Chapter I
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Chapter II
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.
Chapter III
Ancient DNA Samples
439 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
439 Samples
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I7271 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | U4a |
R-L2 |
| I7278 | 2462 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | U4a* |
R-L2 |
| I7249 | 2138 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | I2* |
R-L2 |
| I7251 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | U2e1h |
R-L2 |
| I7250 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | F | R1a1a |
|
| I7269 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | T2e |
R-BY3483 |
| I7270 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | F | K1a2c |
|
| I7275 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | U5b2c |
R-L2 |
| I7276 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | H5b |
R-L2 |
| I4136 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Kněževes | F | U5b2c |
|
| I5666 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Lochenice | M | U4a2c |
R-BY3508 |
| I6476 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Lovosice | F | U5a1b1 |
|
| I7281 | 2340 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5 - Malá Ohrada | F | H5a1g* |
|
| I5514 | 2287 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street | M | T2b |
R-L2 |
| I4946 | 2336 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street | F | |
|
| I4947 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street | M | H17a |
|
| I4895 | 2276 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street | M | H1-e |
R-L2 |
| I4896 | 2289 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Butovická Street | F | |
|
| I4945 | 2293 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | F | |
|
| I4885 | 2291 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | M | U5a1i |
R-L2 |
| I4886 | 2270 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | M | H6a |
R-L2 |
| I4887 | 2201 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | M | K1a2c |
R-Z46080 |
| I4888 | 2195 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | M | K1a2c2 |
R-Z46080 |
| I4889 | 2284 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | M | U4a* |
R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 |
| I4890 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | M | H |
R-L151 |
| I4891 | 2284 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | M | J2a1a2 |
R-L2 |
| I7286 | 2403 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | M | I4a* |
R-L2 |
| I7287 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | M | K1a4a1 |
R-L2 |
| I7288 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | M | H1m |
R-L151 |
| I7290 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | F | V3 |
|
| I7205 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | M | H10-a |
R-L2 |
| I7211 | 2296 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | F | U5b3h |
|
| I7213 | 2440 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | F | HV-b17 |
|
| I7282 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | M | K1a3a3 |
R-L2 |
| I7283 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | F | K1a3a3 |
|
| I7289 | 2456 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | M | U8b1b1* |
R-P312 |
| I7210 | 2201 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | M | H6a1b4 |
R-L2 |
| I7212 | 2454 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | M | K1b1a1-a* |
R-L2 |
| I7214 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Radosevice | F | U8b1b1 |
|
| I6480 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Velké Přílepy | M | U4a2 |
R-L2 |
| I6468 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Velké Přílepy | F | K2b1 |
|
| I7279 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | H7d |
R-CTS4385 |
| I7280 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | W5a |
R-M417 |
| I4145 | 2282 BCE | Czech Republic | Kněževes | M | H3 |
R-L151 |
| I4139 | 2500 BCE | Czech Republic | Velké Přílepy | F | T2b |
|
| I7195 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Zahradnictví | F | H3v-a |
|
| I7196 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Zahradnictví | M | K1a-a4 |
R-S1894 |
| I7198 | 2193 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Zahradnictví | F | U5b2c3a |
|
| I7199 | 2197 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Zahradnictví | M | J1c3a |
I-PF3892 |
| I7200 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Zahradnictví | F | R1b1 |
|
| I7201 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Zahradnictví | F | U5a1a2b |
|
| I7202 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Zahradnictví | M | U5a1a2b |
R-P312 |
| I7203 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Zahradnictví | M | H1 |
R-M417 |
| I4892 | 1881 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | F | T1a1* |
|
| I4884 | 1882 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | M | H4a1a1a |
I-PF3892 |
| I5037 | 2300 BCE | Czech Republic | Moravská Nová Ves | M | K1a-a |
R-M417 |
| I5042 | 2300 BCE | Czech Republic | Moravská Nová Ves | M | I4a |
R-M198 |
| I4141 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Moravská Nová Ves | M | U4c1a |
G-L91 |
| I4130 | 2800 BCE | Czech Republic | Moravská Nová Ves | F | K1b1a |
|
| I7272 | 3624 BCE | Czech Republic | Brandýsek | M | K2a5* |
I-Y52134 |
| I7197 | 4549 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 5. Jinonice. Zahradnictví | M | X2b6 |
I-P37 |
| I4893 | 4446 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | M | U5b1b-a* |
G-FTA29811 |
| I4894 | 4494 BCE | Czech Republic | Prague 8. Kobylisy. Ke Stírce Street | F | U8b1b1 |
|
| I1391 | 2400 BCE | France | Haut-Rhin. Rouffach | F | J1c4 |
|
| I1389 | 2553 BCE | France | Haut-Rhin. Sierentz. Les Villas d'Aurele | M | X2b4a |
R-P312 |
| I2575 | 2471 BCE | France | Forcalquier. La Fare | M | K1c1 |
R-M269 |
| I2575 | 2471 BCE | France | Forcalquier. La Fare | M | K1c1 |
R-M269 |
| I1388 | 2452 BCE | France | Haute-Savoie. Marlens. Sur les Barmes | M | H |
R-L151 |
| I1392 | 2835 BCE | France | Haut-Rhin. Hégenheim Necropole | F | H1-d |
|
| I1391 | 2400 BCE | France | Haut-Rhin. Rouffach | F | J1c4 |
|
| I1389 | 2553 BCE | France | Haut-Rhin. Sierentz. Les Villas d'Aurele | M | X2b4a |
R-P312 |
| I1390 | 2464 BCE | France | Haut-Rhin. Sierentz. Les Villas d'Aurele | M | X2b4a |
R-P312 |
| I1382 | 2447 BCE | France | Moselle. Mondelange. PAC de la Sente | M | U5a2c3a |
R-P312 |
| I1381 | 2500 BCE | France | Moselle. Mondelange. PAC de la Sente | M | H |
R-BY25512 |
| I3874 | 2201 BCE | France | Villard | F | T2b3 |
|
| I3875 | 2136 BCE | France | Villard | M | H1e |
R-L2 |
| I4304 | 4791 BCE | France | Clos de Roque | M | T2c1d-a |
I-M423 |
| I4305 | 4833 BCE | France | Clos de Roque | F | T2b3-a |
|
| I4303 | 4784 BCE | France | Clos de Roque | M | H3 |
I-M423 |
| I4308 | 3600 BCE | France | Collet Redon | F | U3a1 |
|
| I4248 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | T2b21/22 |
R-P297 |
| I4249 | 2341 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | H5a1 |
|
| I4250 | 2441 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | U5a1a2b |
|
| I3599 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | M | H1e1a |
R-P312 |
| I3602 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | F | I3a |
|
| I3604 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Künzing-Bruck. Lkr. Deggendorf | M | HV9 |
R-M269 |
| I3607 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Künzing-Bruck. Lkr. Deggendorf | M | W3a1 |
R-L754 |
| I3587 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | U | H1e1a |
R-L754 |
| I5655 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | H5a1 |
|
| I5657 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | T2b21/22 |
R-M269 |
| I5660 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | T1a1 |
R-M269 |
| I5661 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | K1b1b1 |
R-L151 |
| I5663 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | U5a2-a |
R-M343 |
| I3593 | 2401 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | F | H1 |
|
| I3596 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | M | H-c |
R-M269 |
| I3587 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | U | H1e1a |
R-L754 |
| I3596 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | M | H-c |
R-M269 |
| I3602 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | F | I3a |
|
| I3593 | 2401 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | F | H1 |
|
| I3599 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | M | H1e1a |
R-P312 |
| I3592 | 2456 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | F | H-c |
|
| I3597 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | M | T2f |
R-L2 |
| I3600 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | F | U5b3 |
|
| I3601 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | F | H10e |
|
| I3588 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | M | H1e1a |
R-P310 |
| I3589 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | M | U4d1 |
R-L2 |
| I3590 | 2341 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | F | H1 |
|
| I3594 | 2300 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Alburg-Lerchenhaid. Spedition Häring. Stkr. Straubing | F | T2f |
|
| I5019 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Künzing-Bruck. Lkr. Deggendorf | F | K1b1a1 |
|
| I3607 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Künzing-Bruck. Lkr. Deggendorf | M | W3a1 |
R-L754 |
| I3604 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Bavaria. Künzing-Bruck. Lkr. Deggendorf | M | HV9 |
R-M269 |
| I4250 | 2441 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | U5a1a2b |
|
| I5655 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | H5a1 |
|
| I5663 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | U5a2-a |
R-M343 |
| I5661 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | K1b1b1 |
R-L151 |
| I4249 | 2341 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | H5a1 |
|
| I5657 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | T2b21/22 |
R-M269 |
| I5660 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | T1a1 |
R-M269 |
| I6624 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | T1a1 |
|
| I4248 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | T2b21/22 |
R-P297 |
| I6590 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | X2c1 |
|
| I6591 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | U5b2c4* |
|
| I5833 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | J1c |
R-DF110 |
| I5834 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | W5 |
|
| I5835 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | J1c21 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 |
| I5656 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | U | T2g2 |
|
| I5658 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | F | T2b21/22 |
|
| I5659 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Irlbach LKR | M | K1a4b |
R-L2 |
| I4143 | 2456 BCE | Germany | Landau an der Isar | F | H2a1e |
|
| I5523 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Landau. DGF-Lan | F | K1b1a1-a |
|
| I5524 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Landau. DGF-Lan | F | H72 |
|
| I5525 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Landau. DGF-Lan | F | U4b1b2 |
|
| I5526 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Landau. DGF-Lan | F | H72 |
|
| I5527 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Manching-Oberstimm | F | K2b1a1 |
|
| I5014 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Manching-Oberstimm | F | V |
|
| I5529 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Osterhofen-Altenmarkt | M | HV15 |
R-L2 |
| I4134 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Osterhofen-Altenmarkt | M | HV-b |
R-L51 |
| I5023 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Osterhofen-Altenmarkt | F | U2e1a1 |
|
| I5530 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Weichering | M | K1b1a1 |
R-P297 |
| I5531 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Weichering | F | T2b |
|
| I6481 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Weichering | M | U5a1a1 |
F-M89 |
| I6482 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Weichering | F | U4d2 |
|
| I5836 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Worms-Herrnsheim | F | H1b1-a |
|
| I5519 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Augsburg | M | I4a |
R-L2 |
| I5520 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Augsburg | F | K1b2a |
|
| I5521 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Augsburg | F | J1b1a1 |
|
| I5522 | 2800 BCE | Germany | Augsburg | F | J1b1a1 |
|
| I4124 | 2459 BCE | Germany | Augsburg | F | H46 |
|
| I4132 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Augsburg | M | U5a1a1 |
R-ZZ11 |
| I4144 | 2573 BCE | Germany | Osterhofen-Altenmarkt | M | K1c1 |
R-U152 |
| I3528 | 2562 BCE | Hungary | Budakalász. Csajerszke. M0 Site 12 | F | HV4a1-a |
|
| I3529 | 2500 BCE | Hungary | Budakalász-Csajerszke-M0-12 (Pest County, Szentendre) | F | I3a |
|
| I2364 | 2403 BCE | Hungary | Budapest-Békásmegyer | M | U5a2b |
H-SK1180 |
| I2365 | 2459 BCE | Hungary | Budapest-Békásmegyer | M | V3 |
R-L2 |
| I4131 | 2464 BCE | Hungary | Budapest-Békásmegyer | F | H1aj |
|
| I2787 | 2456 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós. Felső Ürge-hegyi dűlő | M | T2b |
R-M12149 |
| I2786 | 2457 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós. Felső Ürge-hegyi dűlő | M | I1 |
I-FT355000 |
| I2741 | 2456 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós. Felső-Ürge-hegyi-dűlő | M | H1-e |
I-M26 |
| I4178 | 2500 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós. Felső-Ürge-hegyi-dűlő | M | J1c1b1a |
R-M269 |
| I7044 | 2900 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós-Üdülősor | M | U5b1d1b |
R-Z2109 |
| I7045 | 2440 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós-Üdülősor | F | T2c1d-a* |
|
| I7041 | 2150 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós-Üdülősor | M | H1b1 |
R-A8053 |
| I7043 | 2138 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós-Üdülősor | M | H1b1* |
R1b1a1b1a1a4 |
| I7040 | 2900 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós-Üdülősor | F | K1a4b |
|
| I5116 | 3300 BCE | Hungary | Mezőcsát-Hörcsögös | F | W |
|
| I5117 | 3300 BCE | Hungary | Mezőcsát-Hörcsögös | M | K1a2 |
G-L91 |
| I5118 | 3300 BCE | Hungary | Mezőcsát-Hörcsögös | M | H-c |
G-L166 |
| I5119 | 3330 BCE | Hungary | Mezőcsát-Hörcsögös | F | J1c2aa |
|
| I7042 | 4239 BCE | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós-Üdülősor | M | H1-f* |
I-M838 |
| I1979 | 2200 BCE | Italy | Emilia Romagna. Parma. Via Guidorossi | F | T2b3 |
|
| I2477 | 2200 BCE | Italy | Emilia Romagna. Parma. Via Guidorossi | F | T2b3-a |
|
| I2478 | 2196 BCE | Italy | Emilia Romagna. Parma. Via Guidorossi | M | K1a2a |
R-P312 |
| I4933 | 2500 BCE | Italy | Sicily. Partanna. Pergole 2 | M | R0a |
|
| I4930 | 2877 BCE | Italy | Sicily. Partanna. Pergole 2 | F | H1e |
|
| I4067 | 1958 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | F | R1b1 |
|
| I4067 | 1958 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | F | R1b1 |
|
| I4074 | 2281 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | M | H |
R-P312 |
| I5748 | 2579 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | M | X2b4* |
R1b1a1b1a1a2e2 |
| I5750 | 2600 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | M | K1b1a1-a |
R-P312 |
| I4073 | 2197 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | M | U5a2b3* |
R-P312 |
| I4075 | 2127 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | F | H5a1* |
|
| I4076 | 1883 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | F | K1d |
|
| I4068 | 2134 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | M | U5a2a1 |
R-P312 |
| I4069 | 2192 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | M | U5a1a1 |
R-P312 |
| I4070 | 1880 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | M | U5a1b1a |
R-Z381 |
| I4071 | 1883 BCE | Netherlands | Noord-Holland. Oostwoud. De Tuithoorn | F | H6a1a |
|
| I4251 | 2437 BCE | Poland | Samborzec 1 | M | H1 |
R-M269 |
| I4252 | 2287 BCE | Poland | Samborzec 1 | M | U5a1a1 |
R-L151 |
| I6580 | 2300 BCE | Poland | Jordanów Śląski | M | K1a1b2b |
R-L2 |
| I6581 | 2454 BCE | Poland | Kornice | M | H6a1a |
R-L2 |
| I6582 | 2395 BCE | Poland | Kornice | F | U5a2b |
|
| I6534 | 2455 BCE | Poland | Kornice | M | T2e1 |
R-M269 |
| I6535 | 2462 BCE | Poland | Kornice | M | U5a2b |
R-L2 |
| I4253 | 2454 BCE | Poland | Samborzec 1 | M | U5a2c |
R-M269 |
| I4251 | 2437 BCE | Poland | Samborzec 1 | M | H1 |
R-M269 |
| I4252 | 2287 BCE | Poland | Samborzec 1 | M | U5a1a1 |
R-L151 |
| I6538 | 2015 BCE | Poland | Strachów | F | H40 |
|
| I6583 | 2291 BCE | Poland | Żerniki Wielkie | F | U5b1c2a* |
|
| I6531 | 2288 BCE | Poland | Gmina Cisek. Dzielnica | M | U5b2b1a1 |
R-PF6162 |
| I6537 | 2293 BCE | Poland | Racibórz-Stara Wieś | M | I1a1 |
R-P310 |
| I6579 | 2340 BCE | Poland | Iwiny | F | K1a4a1g |
|
| I0840 | 2454 BCE | Portugal | Almonda. Galeria da Cisterna | F | U5b1i |
|
| I6601 | 2800 BCE | Portugal | Estremadura. Bolores | M | H1e2 |
I-PF3981 |
| I6466 | 2700 BCE | Portugal | Lisbon. Verdelha dos Ruivos | M | K1b1a1 |
|
| I6467 | 2700 BCE | Portugal | Lisbon. Verdelha dos Ruivos | F | K1a4a1 |
|
| I1970 | 2876 BCE | Portugal | Lisbon. Verdelha dos Ruivos | M | X2b-a |
I-S10631 |
| I4229 | 2287 BCE | Portugal | Cova da Moura | M | U5a2-b1 |
I-F1295 |
| I6471 | 2500 BCE | Spain | La Magdalena | M | U5b1c1 |
P-M45 |
| I6542 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | M | U5b1i |
H-P96 |
| I6589 | 2500 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | K1a1b1 |
F-M89 |
| I6596 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | H3 |
H-SK1180 |
| I6608 | 2025 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | M | J1c1 |
I-Y31653 |
| I6626 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | H1 |
|
| I0453 | 2456 BCE | Spain | Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino | M | V |
I-P37 |
| I0263 | 2850 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | F | X2b-a |
|
| I1553 | 2850 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | F | H103* |
|
| I0825 | 2471 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | M | K1a4a1 |
G-L89 |
| I0260 | 2850 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | F | K1a2a |
|
| I0261 | 2850 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | M | U5b1i |
R1b1a |
| I0823 | 2850 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | F | H1 |
|
| I0258 | 2850 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | F | H1q |
|
| I0262 | 2850 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | F | U5b3 |
|
| I0257 | 2573 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | M | H1ax |
R-V88 |
| I0826 | 2835 BCE | Spain | Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street | M | H1t |
I-P222 |
| I0458 | 2456 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Arroyal I | M | K1a1b1 |
I-S10631 |
| I0461 | 2453 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Arroyal I | F | K1a1b1 |
|
| I0462 | 2569 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Arroyal I | F | K1a-a4 |
|
| I0460 | 2460 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Arroyal I | M | H45 |
I-BY191090 |
| I0459 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Arroyal I | F | U5b2b |
|
| I5665 | 2283 BCE | Spain | Ciempozuelos. Burgos. Virgazal | M | K1a24a |
R-DF103 |
| I6475 | 2500 BCE | Spain | La Magdalena | F | U5b3 |
|
| I6472 | 2500 BCE | Spain | La Magdalena | M | HV0b |
R-PF6658 |
| I6471 | 2500 BCE | Spain | La Magdalena | M | U5b1c1 |
P-M45 |
| I6596 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | H3 |
H-SK1180 |
| I6589 | 2500 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | K1a1b1 |
F-M89 |
| I6617 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | H1-e |
I-Z161 |
| I6628 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | F | H1 |
|
| I6629 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | T2b |
F-M89 |
| I6630 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | F | J2a1a1 |
|
| I6539 | 2500 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | T2b3-a |
R-P312 |
| I6584 | 2500 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | F | H4a1a-a |
|
| I6585 | 2397 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | K1a4a1 |
|
| I6587 | 2500 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | K1a1b1 |
I-P222 |
| I6588 | 2500 BCE | Spain | Madrid. Humanejos | M | U5b2b3 |
R-P310 |
| I6604 | 2130 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | M | U5b1c |
G-PF3148 |
| I6605 | 2474 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | H1t |
|
| I6610 | 2008 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | K1a-a4 |
|
| I6612 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | J1c3 |
|
| I6613 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | U5b1 |
|
| I6543 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | M | H1 |
I-M423 |
| I4247 | 2462 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | T2b3 |
|
| I6623 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | U5b1f1a |
|
| I4245 | 2461 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | L1b1a |
|
| I6609 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | U5b1e |
|
| I6626 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | F | H1 |
|
| I6542 | 2600 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | M | U5b1i |
H-P96 |
| I6608 | 2025 BCE | Spain | Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras | M | J1c1 |
I-Y31653 |
| I0455 | 2905 BCE | Spain | Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino | M | H1 |
I-L623 |
| I0457 | 3000 BCE | Spain | Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino | M | J1c1 |
IJ-P124 |
| I0456 | 3000 BCE | Spain | Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino | F | U5b2a1a |
|
| I5755 | 2500 BCE | Switzerland | Sion-Petit-Chasseur. Dolmen XI | M | K2b1a |
R-M269 |
| I5757 | 2500 BCE | Switzerland | Sion-Petit-Chasseur. Dolmen XI | M | H3af |
R-L151 |
| I5759 | 2500 BCE | Switzerland | Sion-Petit-Chasseur. Dolmen XI | F | U2e1c1 |
|
| I6750 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Salisbury. Fussell's Lodge | M | K1a-a4 |
I-Y3712 |
| I6751 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Salisbury. Fussell's Lodge | F | U5b1 |
|
| I4949 | 3624 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Winterbourne Monkton. North Millbarrow | M | T2b |
I-L1195 |
| I2446 | 2454 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Oxfordshire. Yarnton | F | K1b1a1 |
|
| I5470 | 1615 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. City of Edinburgh. Merrilees Close. Leith | M | H15a1 |
R-M173 |
| I5471 | 2269 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. East Lothian. Innerwick. Thurston Mains | F | H1c3a |
|
| I5473 | 2400 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. South Lanarkshire. cist 1. Thankerton. Boatbridge Quarry | M | U5b |
R-DF13 |
| I2598 | 2139 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | H |
R-P310 |
| I2629 | 3350 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | M | J1c1b |
I-CTS2257 |
| I2796 | 3706 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Point of Cott | M | H3 |
I-M423 |
| I2565 | 2456 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | W1 |
R-L21 |
| I2569 | 2140 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Eweford Cottages | M | K1a3a |
R-L21 |
| I2574 | 1417 BCE | United Kingdom | Wales. North Wales. Llandudno. Great Orme | F | U5a1a2b |
|
| I2656 | 1283 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Longniddry. Grainfoot | M | H2a2a2 |
R-M343 |
| I3137 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Argyll and Bute. Oban. Raschoille Cave | M | HV0-a |
I-P214 |
| I5367 | 2466 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Coll. Sorisdale | F | V10 |
|
| I5385 | 2454 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Wick. Achavanich | F | H5 |
|
| I2610 | 1939 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Blaydon. Tyne and Wear. Bewes Hill | F | U2e1b |
|
| I7639 | 2033 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Cambridgeshire. Chippenham. Waterhall Farm | F | U5a1 |
|
| I7573 | 1625 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Cambridgeshire. Fordham | F | H1 |
|
| I7635 | 2196 BCE | United Kingdom | England. County Durham. Stockton-on-Tees. Windmill Fields | F | H1c |
|
| I5373 | 2195 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Derbyshire. Brassington. Carsington Pasture Cave | M | X2b-a |
R1b1a1b1a |
| I5441 | 2000 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Devon. Paington. Neale's Cave | M | H1-a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1d |
| I2604 | 2272 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Hampshire. Barton-Stacey Pipeline | F | H2a3 |
|
| I2462 | 2131 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Kent. Thanet | F | U5a1d2a |
|
| I2463 | 1930 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Kent. Thanet | F | J1c3-a |
|
| I2601 | 1960 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Kent. Thanet | F | U5a1b1a |
|
| I2602 | 1892 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Kent. Thanet | M | U5b2b |
R1b1a1b1a1a2 |
| I7569 | 1615 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Lincolnshire. Langtoft | F | K1a1b1 |
|
| I7570 | 1736 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Lincolnshire. Langtoft | M | T2b4 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2 |
| I5377 | 1895 BCE | United Kingdom | England. London. Mortlake. River Thames Skulls | M | T2b |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2618 | 2137 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Northumberland. Barrasford. Reaverhill | M | H1bs |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2609 | 2026 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Northumberland. Hexham Golf Course | F | K2a |
|
| I7638 | 2288 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Oxfordshire. Radley. Barrow Hills | M | V10b |
I2a1b1a1a1 |
| I2421 | 1935 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Tyne and Wear. Sunderland. Hasting Hill | M | U5a1a2a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c |
| I2612 | 2462 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Tyne and Wear. Sunderland. Hasting Hill | F | U5b2b2 |
|
| I2596 | 2276 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | J1c1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2566 | 2267 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | K1b1a1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2457 | 2201 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | I4a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2460 | 2024 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | F | T2a1a |
|
| I2597 | 2276 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | U5a2c3a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2598 | 2139 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | H |
R1b1a1b1a1 |
| I2464 | 1746 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Boscombe Airfield | M | I2 |
R1b1a1b |
| I2600 | 2135 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Porton | F | U5b1-a |
|
| I2461 | 2150 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Porton | F | H5c |
|
| I6777 | 2300 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Wilsford | M | U4b1b |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I7630 | 1881 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Yorkshire. East Riding. North Ferriby. Melton Quarry | M | U5a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2 |
| I1775 | 1731 BCE | United Kingdom | Wales. North Wales. Llandudno. Great Orme | M | I3 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2 |
| I5469 | 1629 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. City of Edinburgh. Merrilees Close. Leith | F | H5'36 |
|
| I5470 | 1615 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. City of Edinburgh. Merrilees Close. Leith | M | H15a1 |
R-M173 |
| I3132 | 2126 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Covesea Cave 2 | M | T2a1b1a* |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5c |
| I5516 | 1872 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Doune. Perth and Kinross | M | T2a1b1a1b |
R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 |
| I2567 | 2190 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Dryburn Bridge | M | U4a1a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2568 | 2288 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Dryburn Bridge | M | U5a1b1g |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I5471 | 2269 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. East Lothian. Innerwick. Thurston Mains | F | H1c3a |
|
| I2569 | 2140 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Eweford Cottages | M | K1a3a |
R-L21 |
| I5515 | 2112 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Fife. cist3. Dunfermline. Aberdour Road | M | H3-d |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2981 | 1880 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Lop Ness. Stenchme | F | T2a1b1a* |
|
| I5473 | 2400 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. South Lanarkshire. cist 1. Thankerton. Boatbridge Quarry | M | U5b |
R-DF13 |
| I6762 | 4000 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Gloucestershire. Chipping Norton. Upper Swell | M | K1a1 |
I-Y3712 |
| I6759 | 3641 BCE | United Kingdom | England. North Yorkshire. Kelco Cave. Giggleswick Scar | M | J1c1 |
I-Y13518 |
| I6761 | 3650 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Sussex. Brighton. Whitehawk | F | K1-a |
|
| I6750 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Salisbury. Fussell's Lodge | M | K1a-a4 |
I-Y3712 |
| I6751 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Salisbury. Fussell's Lodge | F | U5b1 |
|
| I6751 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Salisbury. Fussell's Lodge | F | U5b1 |
|
| I6750 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Salisbury. Fussell's Lodge | M | K1a-a4 |
I-Y3712 |
| I5364 | 793 BCE | United Kingdom | Wales. West Glamorgan. Culverhole Cave | F | H5c |
|
| I7628 | 1212 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Bedfordshire. Biddenham Loop | M | T1a1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a4b3a |
| I7576 | 1209 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Bedfordshire. Biddenham Loop | M | J1c2 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I5383 | 1090 BCE | United Kingdom | England. North Yorkshire. Ingleton. Raven Scar Cave | F | J1c5f |
|
| I2860 | 969 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Covesea Cave 2 | M | H5a1* |
R1b1a1b1a1a2 |
| I2861 | 983 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Covesea Cave 2 | F | I2a1* |
|
| I2859 | 912 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Covesea Caves | M | K1a2c2 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I3130 | 984 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Covesea Caves | F | U5a1c3b |
|
| I7577 | 1386 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Bedfordshire. Biddenham Loop | M | U5a1a1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I7578 | 1256 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Bedfordshire. Biddenham Loop | F | U5a2c |
|
| I7626 | 1399 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Bedfordshire. Biddenham Loop | F | T2b |
|
| I7627 | 1412 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Bedfordshire. Biddenham Loop | F | U4a2j* |
|
| I7575 | 1266 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Bedfordshire. Biddenham Loop | M | U5a1d1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I7579 | 1499 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Bedfordshire. Biddenham Loop | F | U5b2a1a |
|
| I7580 | 1257 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Bedfordshire. Biddenham Loop | F | U5b2a1a3 |
|
| I7574 | 1408 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Cambridgeshire. Trumpington. Clay Farm | F | H1a3* |
|
| I7640 | 1434 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Cambridgeshire. Trumpington. Clay Farm | M | U5a2c2 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I3082 | 1499 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Dorset. Sixpenny Handley. Canada Farm | M | H1an1a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I7568 | 1600 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Needingworth Quarry. Over Narrows | F | W1g2 |
|
| I7571 | 1489 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Needingworth Quarry. Over Narrows | M | J1c1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2 |
| I7572 | 1507 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Needingworth Quarry. Over Narrows | M | H13a1a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2639 | 1532 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | F | T2e1a |
|
| I2458 | 1495 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | F | U5b3 |
|
| I2653 | 1389 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Longniddry. Evergreen | M | H2a1a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2654 | 1419 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Longniddry. Evergreen | F | U5b3 |
|
| I2573 | 1502 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Longniddry. Evergreen | F | H3-d |
|
| I2656 | 1283 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Longniddry. Grainfoot | M | H2a2a2 |
R-M343 |
| I2655 | 1445 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Pabbay Mor | M | H6a1b2 |
I2a1b1a1a1 |
| I2574 | 1417 BCE | United Kingdom | Wales. North Wales. Llandudno. Great Orme | F | U5a1a2b |
|
| I3068 | 3648 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Derbyshire. Brassington. Carsington Pasture Cave | M | T2c1d |
I2a1b1a1a1b |
| I2605 | 3516 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Eton Rowing Course | F | J1c6 |
|
| I2606 | 3330 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Eton Rowing Course | M | K1a-a4 |
I2a1b1a1a1 |
| I6759 | 3641 BCE | United Kingdom | England. North Yorkshire. Kelco Cave. Giggleswick Scar | M | J1c1 |
I-Y13518 |
| I0519 | 3360 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Northampton. Banbury Lane | M | X2b-a |
I2a1a2 |
| I0520 | 3360 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Northampton. Banbury Lane | M | U5a2c |
I2 |
| I0518 | 3360 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Northampton. Banbury Lane | M | K1a3a1 |
I2a1b |
| I5374 | 2663 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Somerset. Cheddar. Totty Pot | M | H1c |
CT |
| I6761 | 3650 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Sussex. Brighton. Whitehawk | F | K1-a |
|
| I5366 | 3641 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Sussex. Cissbury | F | X2b |
|
| I6751 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Salisbury. Fussell's Lodge | F | U5b1 |
|
| I6750 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Salisbury. Fussell's Lodge | M | K1a-a4 |
I-Y3712 |
| I4949 | 3624 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Winterbourne Monkton. North Millbarrow | M | T2b |
I-L1195 |
| I2657 | 3955 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Argyll and Bute. Oban. Macarthur Cave | M | W1 |
I2a1b1a1a1 |
| I3137 | 3800 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Argyll and Bute. Oban. Raschoille Cave | M | HV0-a |
I-P214 |
| I3134 | 3630 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Argyll and Bute. Oban. Raschoille Cave | M | T2h3* |
I2a1b1a1a1 |
| I3135 | 3638 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Argyll and Bute. Oban. Raschoille Cave | M | U5b2a* |
I2a1b1a1a1b |
| I3136 | 3516 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Argyll and Bute. Oban. Raschoille Cave | F | H1cf2 |
|
| I3138 | 3312 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Argyll and Bute. Oban. Raschoille Cave | F | K1a4a1* |
|
| I3133 | 3627 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Argyll and Bute. Oban. Raschoille Cave | M | K1-a16 |
I2a1a2 |
| I2988 | 3516 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Clachaig | F | U5b2a3* |
|
| I2659 | 3766 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Distillery Cave | F | H1c* |
|
| I2660 | 3515 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Distillery Cave | M | U5a2-a* |
I2a1b1a1a1 |
| I2691 | 3710 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Distillery Cave | M | J1c1* |
I2a1b1a1a2~ |
| I5370 | 4000 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Oban. Raschoille | F | K1-a |
|
| I5371 | 4000 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Oban. Raschoille | F | H4a1a2a |
|
| I2650 | 3500 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Holm of Papa Westray North | M | T2c1d1* |
I2a1b1a2 |
| I2651 | 3330 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Holm of Papa Westray North | F | K1a1b1 |
|
| I2637 | 3510 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Holm of Papa Westray North | M | K1b1a1* |
I2a1a2 |
| I2636 | 3516 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Holm of Papa Westray North | F | V* |
|
| I2977 | 3010 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | M | H1 |
I2a1b2 |
| I2978 | 3336 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | M | K1b1a1* |
I2a1a2a1a2a |
| I2979 | 3334 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | M | K1a-a4 |
I2a1a2 |
| I2630 | 2618 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | M | K1a4 |
I2a1a2 |
| I2932 | 2572 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | M | H5* |
I2a1a2 |
| I2933 | 3011 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | M | J1c2 |
I2a1b1a1a1b |
| I2934 | 3340 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | F | U5a2c3* |
|
| I2935 | 3336 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | M | U8b1b4 |
I2a1a2a1a2a |
| I3085 | 3340 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | F | K1a-a4 |
|
| I2629 | 3350 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Isbister | M | J1c1b |
I-CTS2257 |
| I2796 | 3706 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Point of Cott | M | H3 |
I-M423 |
| I2980 | 3364 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Point of Cott | F | H1dz |
|
| I2631 | 3263 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Quoyness | M | H5 |
I2a1a2 |
| I7554 | 3368 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Orkney. Unstan Chamber Tomb | M | J1c9* |
I2a1a2a1a2a |
| I2634 | 3707 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Tulach an t'Sionnach | M | U2-a |
I2a1a2 |
| I2633 | 3768 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Tulloch of Assery | F | T2e1 |
|
| I2635 | 3647 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Tulloch of Assery | M | U5b1-a1 |
I2a1a2a1a2a |
| I5358 | 3076 BCE | United Kingdom | Wales. Denbighshire. Rhos Ddigre | F | K1a4 |
|
| I5359 | 4000 BCE | United Kingdom | Wales. Glamorgan. Tinkinswood | M | H5 |
I2a1b1a1a1 |
| I3041 | 3942 BCE | United Kingdom | Scotland. Argyll and Bute. Oban. Raschoille Cave | M | K1a3 |
I-FT370113 |
| I3255 | 2139 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Cambridgeshire. Trumpington Meadows | F | T2b |
|
| I3256 | 2269 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Cambridgeshire. Trumpington Meadows | M | T2b |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I1767 | 2202 BCE | United Kingdom | England. County Durham. Stockton-on-Tees. Windmill Fields | M | U5a1a1 |
I2a1b1a1a1 |
| I5382 | 2282 BCE | United Kingdom | England. County Durham. Stockton-on-Tees. Windmill Fields | M | T2b |
R1b1a1b1a1a2 |
| I1765 | 2344 BCE | United Kingdom | England. County Durham. Stockton-on-Tees. Windmill Fields | U | |
|
| I5379 | 2468 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Dorset. Sixpenny Handley. Canada Farm | M | HV0 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2453 | 2290 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Lincolnshire. West Deeping | M | K2a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I5376 | 2452 BCE | United Kingdom | England. London. Syon Reach. River Thames Skulls | F | |
|
| I2454 | 2199 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Needingworth Quarry. Over Narrows | F | |
|
| I2455 | 2128 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Needingworth Quarry. Over Narrows | F | |
|
| I5513 | 2800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. North Ablington. Figheldean | M | V |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I1770 | 2400 BCE | United Kingdom | England. North Yorkshire. Staxton. Staxton Beacon | F | U5b1d2 |
|
| I6679 | 2129 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Northumberland. Low Hauxley | M | J1c1b1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a |
| I6680 | 1878 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Northumberland. Low Hauxley | M | H1-e |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2450 | 2455 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Oxfordshire. Abington. Spring Road cemetery | F | K1a1b1g |
|
| I2443 | 2286 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Oxfordshire. Yarnton | F | T2c1d-a* |
|
| I2447 | 2120 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Oxfordshire. Yarnton | M | K1a26 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2445 | 2200 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Oxfordshire. Yarnton | M | X2b6* |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2446 | 2454 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Oxfordshire. Yarnton | F | K1b1a1 |
|
| I6775 | 2500 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Somerset. Stogursey. Wick Barrow | M | H1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2452 | 2199 BCE | United Kingdom | England. South Derbyshire. Willington. Dairy Farm | M | H1e1a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I6774 | 2287 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Sussex. Brighton. Ditchling Road | M | H4a1a1a |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c |
| I2565 | 2456 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | W1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I2416 | 2451 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | K1b1a1 |
R1b1a1b1a1 |
| I2418 | 2452 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | F | K1a4a1 |
|
| I2459 | 2453 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | F | T2a1a |
|
| I2417 | 2500 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Amesbury Down | M | J1c |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I5512 | 2800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Netheravon. Flying School | F | J1c2 |
|
| I4951 | 2800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Netheravon. Flying School | M | K1b1a1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a |
| I4950 | 2800 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Upavon. RFC Central Flying School | M | U5a2d1 |
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
| I6778 | 2500 BCE | United Kingdom | England. Wiltshire. Wilsford | F | K1a26 |
|
Chapter IV
Analysis
Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings
Important Disclaimer: This review has been performed semi-automatically and is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this analysis may contain errors, omissions, or misinterpretations of the original research. DNA Genics disclaims all liability for any inaccuracies, errors, or consequences arising from the use of this information. Users should independently verify all information and consult original research publications before making any decisions based on this content. This analysis is not intended as a substitute for professional scientific review or medical advice.