Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages
Robbeets M, Bouckaert R, Conte M et al.
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages-that is, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic-is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history1-3. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements4,5. Here we address this question by 'triangulating' genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including a comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary; an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic-Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia; and a collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional 'pastoralist hypothesis'6-8, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking considerable progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture.
Ancient DNA Samples
18 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAG016 | 76 BCE | Japan | Nagabaka | F | |
|
| NAG007 | 900 BCE | Japan | Nagabaka | M | |
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| NAG035 | 1650 CE | Japan | Nagabaka | M | |
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| NAG036 | 1666 CE | Japan | Nagabaka | M | |
|
| NAG039 | 1664 CE | Japan | Nagabaka | M | |
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| NAG037 | 900 BCE | Japan | Nagabaka | M | |
|
| NAG038 | 821 BCE | Japan | Nagabaka | F | |
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| NAG012 | 900 BCE | Japan | Nagabaka | M | |
|
| NAG019 | 796 BCE | Japan | Nagabaka | F | |
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| YAK002 | 200 BCE | Japan | Kuma−Nishioda | M | |
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| AND001 | 6300 BCE | South Korea | Ando | M | |
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| AND004 | 6300 BCE | South Korea | Ando | F | |
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| TYJ001 | 2500 BCE | South Korea | Yokchido | F | |
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| DAJ001 | 768 BCE | South Korea | Taejungni | M | |
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| GDI002 | 4696 BCE | South Korea | Changhang | F | |
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| GDI008 | 4706 BCE | South Korea | Changhang | M | |
|
| TYD006 | 5500 BCE | South Korea | Yŏndaedo | M | |
|
| TYD007 | 5500 BCE | South Korea | Yŏndaedo | M | |
|
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