Ancient genomes reveal an extensive kinship network and endogamy in a Three-Kingdoms period society in Korea
Genevieve Susca, Jong Bhak, Kazuyoshi Hosoki et al.
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Ancient DNA studies have provided insights into past human societies, but kinship analysis at the community level remains challenging. We analyzed genome-wide ancient DNA from 41 individuals from Deokcheon-ri, a Three Kingdoms period (300–668 CE) site in Korea. We identified extensive biological relationships spanning multiple generations, including parent-offspring, siblings, and more distant relatives. The community practiced endogamy, with most marriages occurring within the local group. Social stratification was evident, with higher-status individuals buried with more grave goods and showing distinct kinship patterns. Our results reveal a complex social organization characterized by patrilocal residence patterns, multigenerational family units, and restricted gene flow, providing unprecedented insights into ancient Korean society during a critical period of state formation.
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