Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China
Yang MA, Fan X, Sun B et al.
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
Human genetic history in East Asia is poorly understood. To clarify population relationships, we obtained genome-wide data from 26 ancient individuals from northern and southern East Asia spanning 9500 to 300 years ago. Genetic differentiation in this region was higher in the past than the present, which reflects a major episode of admixture involving northern East Asian ancestry spreading across southern East Asia after the Neolithic, thereby transforming the genetic ancestry of southern China. Mainland southern East Asian and Taiwan Strait island samples from the Neolithic show clear connections with modern and ancient individuals with Austronesian-related ancestry, which supports an origin in southern China for proto-Austronesians. Connections among Neolithic coastal groups from Siberia and Japan to Vietnam indicate that migration and gene flow played an important role in the prehistory of coastal Asia.
Ancient DNA Samples
45 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L5692 | 2618 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
F-M89 |
| L5706 | 2576 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
O-M175 |
| SuogangB1 | 2850 BCE | China | Penghu Island. Magong City. Suogang | M | |
O-M175 |
| SuogangB3 | 2850 BCE | China | Penghu Island. Magong City. Suogang | M | |
O-F871 |
| L5696 | 2600 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Min River. Tanshishan | M | |
O-F1252 |
| L5698 | 2460 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Min River. Tanshishan | F | |
|
| L5701 | 2468 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
O-L465 |
| L5703 | 2850 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
K-M9 |
| L5704 | 2663 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
NO-M214 |
| L7417 | 2578 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Min River. Tanshishan | F | |
|
| Qihe2 | 6474 BCE | China | Fujian. Zhangping. Wuyi-Nanling. Qihedong | F | R9b1b |
|
| L5694 | 1510 CE | China | Fujian. Zhangping City. Chuanyundong | M | |
O-F492 |
| L5700 | 2618 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | F | |
|
| L5705 | 2468 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | F | |
|
| L7415 | 2468 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Min River. Tanshishan | M | |
O-M110 |
| Xiaogao | 5981 BCE | China | Shandong. Zhangdian. Zibo City. Xiaogao | F | N9a2'4'5'11 |
|
| XJS1309_M4 | 5981 BCE | China | Shandong. Zhangqiu. Diaozhen Qiezhuang. Xiaojingshan | M | D4b2b2 |
N-Z4871 |
| XJS1309_M7 | 5978 BCE | China | Shandong. Zhangqiu. Diaozhen Qiezhuang. Xiaojingshan | F | D4b2b2 |
|
| XJS1311_M16 | 5985 BCE | China | Shandong. Zhangqiu. Diaozhen Qiezhuang. Xiaojingshan | F | B4c1c |
|
| Yumin | 6370 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Huade. Ulanqab. Yumin | F | C5d* |
|
| Bianbian | 7941 BCE | China | Shandong. Yiyuan. Bianbian | M | B5b2 |
N-F2905 |
| BS | 7527 BCE | China | Shandong. Boshan Mountain | M | B4c1a |
N-Z4871 |
| Bianbian | 7941 BCE | China | Shandong. Yiyuan. Bianbian | M | B5b2 |
N-F2905 |
| Xiaogao | 5981 BCE | China | Shandong. Zhangdian. Zibo City. Xiaogao | F | N9a2'4'5'11 |
|
| XJS1311_M16 | 5985 BCE | China | Shandong. Zhangqiu. Diaozhen Qiezhuang. Xiaojingshan | F | B4c1c |
|
| XJS1309_M4 | 5981 BCE | China | Shandong. Zhangqiu. Diaozhen Qiezhuang. Xiaojingshan | M | D4b2b2 |
N-Z4871 |
| XJS1309_M7 | 5978 BCE | China | Shandong. Zhangqiu. Diaozhen Qiezhuang. Xiaojingshan | F | D4b2b2 |
|
| Qihe2 | 6474 BCE | China | Fujian. Zhangping. Wuyi-Nanling. Qihedong | F | R9b1b |
|
| Yumin | 6370 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Huade. Ulanqab. Yumin | F | C5d* |
|
| LD1 | 6370 BCE | China | Matsu. Liang Island | M | E1 |
O-M119 |
| LD2 | 5640 BCE | China | Matsu. Liang Island | F | R9 |
|
| L5694 | 1510 CE | China | Fujian. Zhangping City. Chuanyundong | M | |
O-F492 |
| L7415 | 2468 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Min River. Tanshishan | M | |
O-M110 |
| L7417 | 2578 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Min River. Tanshishan | F | |
|
| L5698 | 2460 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Min River. Tanshishan | F | |
|
| L5696 | 2600 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Min River. Tanshishan | M | |
O-F1252 |
| L5705 | 2468 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | F | |
|
| L5700 | 2618 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | F | |
|
| L5706 | 2576 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
O-M175 |
| L5704 | 2663 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
NO-M214 |
| L5701 | 2468 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
O-L465 |
| L5703 | 2850 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
K-M9 |
| L5692 | 2618 BCE | China | Fujian. Minhou. Xitoucun | M | |
F-M89 |
| SuogangB1 | 2850 BCE | China | Penghu Island. Magong City. Suogang | M | |
O-M175 |
| SuogangB3 | 2850 BCE | China | Penghu Island. Magong City. Suogang | M | |
O-F871 |
Analysis
Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings
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