The Palaeogenomics of Arctic and Sub-Arctic Peoples: A Study of Population Genetics, Adaptations, and Pathogen Incidence
A Sutherland
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The northeastern regions of Siberia and the North American Arctic are some of the last regions of the world to be inhabited by humans; there, sophisticated technologies were developed for hunting marine mammals. Continued migration waves of ancient Western Eurasians and ancient East Asians into northeastern Siberia led to the early formation of the “Palaeo-Siberians''in the Late Pleistocene and the “Neo-Siberians''in the Holocene, the latter being genetically continuous with present-day groups in the region. The North American Arctic was populated by two genetically distinct, archaeologically-defined cultural traditions of Neo-Siberian-related peoples: the Palaeo-Inuit (entering~ 5.5 thousand years ago) and the Neo-Inuit (entering~ 1 thousand years ago). Limited archaeological and palaeogenomic findings into prehistoric contacts and admixture between ancient Siberian and Arctic groups leave a knowledge gap in the demographic histories of these regions. This thesis comprises palaeogenomic, radiocarbon, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope datasets of unmatched quality and scale, generated from 217 sets of human remains from northeastern Siberia and North America to investigate population histories, evidence of adaptations to the Arctic environment, and pathogen incidence.
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