The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene
Sikora M, Pitulko VV, Sousa VC et al.
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
Northeastern Siberia has been inhabited by humans for more than 40,000 years but its deep population history remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the late Pleistocene population history of northeastern Siberia through analyses of 34 newly recovered ancient genomes that date to between 31,000 and 600 years ago. We document complex population dynamics during this period, including at least three major migration events: an initial peopling by a previously unknown Palaeolithic population of 'Ancient North Siberians' who are distantly related to early West Eurasian hunter-gatherers; the arrival of East Asian-related peoples, which gave rise to 'Ancient Palaeo-Siberians' who are closely related to contemporary communities from far-northeastern Siberia (such as the Koryaks), as well as Native Americans; and a Holocene migration of other East Asian-related peoples, who we name 'Neo-Siberians', and from whom many contemporary Siberians are descended. Each of these population expansions largely replaced the earlier inhabitants, and ultimately generated the mosaic genetic make-up of contemporary peoples who inhabit a vast area across northern Eurasia and the Americas.
Ancient DNA Samples
64 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DA237 | 436 CE | Finland | Levanluhta | F | H1-e |
|
| DA237 | 436 CE | Finland | Levanluhta | F | H1-e |
|
| Kolyma1 | 7952 BCE | Russia | Duvanni Yar | M | G1b* |
Q-Z36017 |
| I11278 | 1300 BCE | Russia | Ol'skaia. shore of Okhotsk Sea | F | D2a1 |
|
| I11280 | 1265 BCE | Russia | Ol'skaia. shore of Okhotsk Sea | F | G1b |
|
| I8296 | 2860 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | F1b1b |
|
| I7343 | 970 CE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | M | A2b1 |
Q-A15256 |
| I7339 | 690 CE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | M | D4b1a2a1 |
Q-FT370123 |
| I7342 | 348 BCE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | M | A2a |
Q-Z36017 |
| I7341 | 710 CE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | M | A2a1 |
C-F25764 |
| I7349 | 640 CE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | F | A2a |
|
| I7782 | 2860 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | D4j1 |
|
| Yana1 | 30250 BCE | Russia | Yana RHS | M | U2'3'4'7'8'9 |
P-FT344715 |
| Yana2 | 30250 BCE | Russia | Yana RHS | M | U2'3'4'7'8'9 |
P-FT344716 |
| NEO229 | 4785 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | D4b1a2 |
|
| NEO230 | 3022 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | C4 |
|
| NEO232 | 3007 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | M | C4a1a3* |
Q-BZ2222 |
| NEO233 | 121 CE | Russia | Uelen | F | D4b1a2a1 |
|
| NEO234 | 975 BCE | Russia | Uelen | F | A2a |
|
| NEO235 | 5802 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4m |
|
| NEO236 | 5830 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4 |
|
| NEO237 | 5721 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4 |
|
| NEO238 | 5712 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4 |
|
| NEO239 | 5707 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | M | D4m |
C-F1906 |
| NEO240 | 5625 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4m |
|
| NEO241 | 101 BCE | Russia | Ekven | M | D4b1a2a1 |
Q-Z36017 |
| NEO242 | 122 CE | Russia | Ekven | M | A2a |
Q-M3 |
| NEO243 | 376 BCE | Russia | Ekven | M | A2a2 |
Q-MEH2 |
| NEO250 | 354 BCE | Russia | Ekven | M | A2b1 |
Q-Z36017 |
| NEO253 | 125 CE | Russia | Ekven | M | A2b1 |
C-F6301 |
| NEO299 | 1292 CE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | D4j6 |
|
| Yana_young | 1053 CE | Russia | Yana River | M | D4o2a2a |
N-M1991 |
| M0831 | 1300 BCE | Russia | Ol'skaia (Magadan Oblast, Magadan municipality) | F | D2a1 |
|
| NEO230 | 3022 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | C4 |
|
| NEO250 | 354 BCE | Russia | Ekven | M | A2b1 |
Q-Z36017 |
| NEO241 | 101 BCE | Russia | Ekven | M | D4b1a2a1 |
Q-Z36017 |
| NEO242 | 122 CE | Russia | Ekven | M | A2a |
Q-M3 |
| NEO253 | 125 CE | Russia | Ekven | M | A2b1 |
C-F6301 |
| NEO243 | 376 BCE | Russia | Ekven | M | A2a2 |
Q-MEH2 |
| NEO234 | 975 BCE | Russia | Uelen | F | A2a |
|
| NEO233 | 121 CE | Russia | Uelen | F | D4b1a2a1 |
|
| M9984 | 1265 BCE | Russia | Ol'skaia (Magadan Oblast, Magadan municipality) | F | G1b |
|
| I11278 | 1300 BCE | Russia | Ol'skaia. shore of Okhotsk Sea | F | D2a1 |
|
| I11280 | 1265 BCE | Russia | Ol'skaia. shore of Okhotsk Sea | F | G1b |
|
| Kolyma1 | 7952 BCE | Russia | Duvanni Yar | M | G1b* |
Q-Z36017 |
| NEO299 | 1292 CE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | D4j6 |
|
| Yana_young | 1053 CE | Russia | Yana River | M | D4o2a2a |
N-M1991 |
| NEO235 | 5802 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4m |
|
| NEO240 | 5625 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4m |
|
| NEO236 | 5830 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4 |
|
| NEO238 | 5712 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4 |
|
| NEO237 | 5721 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | F | D4 |
|
| NEO239 | 5707 BCE | Russia | Devil's Gate Cave | M | D4m |
C-F1906 |
| I7341 | 710 CE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | M | A2a1 |
C-F25764 |
| I7342 | 348 BCE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | M | A2a |
Q-Z36017 |
| I7339 | 690 CE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | M | D4b1a2a1 |
Q-FT370123 |
| I7343 | 970 CE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | M | A2b1 |
Q-A15256 |
| I7349 | 640 CE | Russia | Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven | F | A2a |
|
| I8296 | 2860 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | F1b1b |
|
| Yana2 | 30250 BCE | Russia | Yana RHS | M | U2'3'4'7'8'9 |
P-FT344716 |
| Yana1 | 30250 BCE | Russia | Yana RHS | M | U2'3'4'7'8'9 |
P-FT344715 |
| NEO232 | 3007 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | M | C4a1a3* |
Q-BZ2222 |
| NEO229 | 4785 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | D4b1a2 |
|
| I7782 | 2860 BCE | Russia | Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River | F | D4j1 |
|
Analysis
Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings
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