Research Publication
Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
Allentoft ME, Sikora M, Refoyo-Martínez A et al.
38200295
PubMed ID
164
Authors
2024 Jan
Published
317
Samples
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Chapter I
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Chapter II
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1-5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes-mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods-from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a 'great divide' genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a 'Neolithic steppe' cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
Chapter III
Ancient DNA Samples
317 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
317 Samples
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEO110 | 5984 BCE | Armenia | Aknashen (Armavir Province, Vagharshapat District) | F | T1a |
|
| NEO128 | 5321 BCE | Czechia | Vedrovice (Moravia) | M | K1a |
G-L30 |
| NEO580 | 2868 BCE | Denmark | Klokkehøj (Funen region) | F | |
|
| NEO946 | 1383 BCE | Denmark | Hove A (Zealand region) | M | U4a1a |
R-L151 |
| NEO564 | 3700 BCE | Denmark | Bygholm Nørremark (Jutland region) | M | J1c3j |
I-L161 |
| NEO886 | 3645 BCE | Denmark | Dalmosegaard (Møn region) | M | H26 |
I-L161 |
| NEO566 | 3516 BCE | Denmark | Døjringe (Zealand region) | M | U5b3 |
I-L161 |
| NEO962 | 3977 BCE | Denmark | Dragsholm (Zealand region) | M | U5b2b |
I |
| NEO888 | 3516 BCE | Denmark | Elkenøre (Falster region) | F | H5 |
|
| NEO571 | 3652 BCE | Denmark | Grøfte (Zealand region) | F | H2a2a |
|
| NEO702 | 3522 BCE | Denmark | Jørlundegard (Zealand region) | M | K1a1a2 |
I-Y4213 |
| NEO945 | 3626 BCE | Denmark | Læsten Mose (Jutland region) | F | H1b1 |
|
| NEO29 | 3705 BCE | Denmark | Lohals (Langeland region) | F | H |
|
| NEO865 | 3605 BCE | Denmark | Lundby-Falster (Falster region) | M | J1c3g |
I |
| NEO866 | 3633 BCE | Denmark | Lundby-Falster (Falster region) | M | K1a2b |
R-V2219 |
| NEO896 | 3623 BCE | Denmark | Mandemarke (Mön region) | F | H4a1a1a |
|
| NEO595 | 3709 BCE | Denmark | Pandebjerg (Zealand region) | M | J1c |
I-L161 |
| NEO795 | 3697 BCE | Denmark | Porsmose (Zealand region) | M | H24 |
I |
| NEO645 | 4247 BCE | Denmark | Rødhals (Zealand region) | M | K1e |
I-S21825 |
| NEO891 | 3899 BCE | Denmark | Roskilde Fjord (south of Jyllinge) (Zealand region) | F | H |
|
| NEO41 | 3699 BCE | Denmark | Rude (Jutland region) | M | J2a1a1a |
A1 |
| NEO43 | 3770 BCE | Denmark | Rude (Jutland region) | M | J2a1a1a |
I-Y5334 |
| NEO28 | 3633 BCE | Denmark | Salpetermosen syd 8 (Zealand region) | M | T2b11 |
I-S2742 |
| NEO757 | 3636 BCE | Denmark | Sejerby (Sjælland, Kalundborg) | F | T2b |
|
| NEO753 | 3705 BCE | Denmark | Sigersdal Mose 2 (Zealand region) | F | J1c |
|
| NEO933 | 3629 BCE | Denmark | Sludegard Sømose (Funen region) | M | V |
I-L596 |
| NEO602 | 3363 BCE | Denmark | Storelyng (Østrup Homo II) (Zealand region) | M | U5b2a1b |
I-M423 |
| NEO942 | 3766 BCE | Denmark | Tissøe (Zealand region) | F | T2b |
|
| NEO790 | 3932 BCE | Denmark | Tysmose (Zealand region) | M | HV16 |
I-S2742 |
| NEO935 | 3495 BCE | Denmark | Vibygards Mose (Zealand region) | M | H |
I-Y3749 |
| NEO744 | 3630 BCE | Denmark | Vig Femhøve (Zealand region) | M | K1a2a |
Q-L56 |
| NEO601 | 3946 BCE | Denmark | Viksø Mose (Zealand region) | F | K1a2b |
|
| NEO597 | 3515 BCE | Denmark | Zealand, Storelyng (Øgarde boat III) | M | U5b1b2 |
I-L161 |
| NEO23 | 3646 BCE | Denmark | Jorløse Mose (Zealand region) | M | U5b1b2 |
I-Y3749 |
| NEO563 | 1530 BCE | Denmark | Bybjerg (Zealand region) | M | H6a1a |
I1 |
| NEO951 | 1500 BCE | Denmark | Klæsterupholm Mose (Jutland region) | F | W1 |
|
| NEO590 | 1446 BCE | Denmark | Magleø (Zealand region) | M | K2a3 |
I-A196 |
| NEO815 | 1611 BCE | Denmark | Vasagard (Bornholm) | M | H3b6 |
I1 |
| NEO751 | 4778 BCE | Denmark | Bjørnsholm (Jutland region) | M | U5b2b1a |
I-L596 |
| NEO814 | 5477 BCE | Denmark | Bodal K (Zealand region) | F | U4a2 |
|
| NEO822 | 5470 BCE | Denmark | Dragsholm (Zealand region) | F | U5a2b |
|
| NEO732 | 5299 BCE | Denmark | Dragsholm (Zealand region) | F | U5b2b |
|
| NEO733 | 5299 BCE | Denmark | Dragsholm (Zealand region) | F | U5b2b |
|
| NEO568 | 4656 BCE | Denmark | Ertebølle (Jutland region) | M | U5b1 |
I-L596 |
| NEO569 | 4544 BCE | Denmark | Ertebølle (Jutland region) | M | U5b2a1a |
I-L596 |
| NEO855 | 4786 BCE | Denmark | Fannerup D (Jutland region) | M | U5b1b1+@16192 |
I-Y5606 |
| NEO570 | 4904 BCE | Denmark | Fannerup E (Jutland region) | F | U5b2c |
|
| NEO930 | 5471 BCE | Denmark | Fannerup F (Jutland region) | M | U5b2b1a |
I2 |
| NEO941 | 4933 BCE | Denmark | Havnø (Jutland region) | F | U5b1b1+@16192 |
|
| NEO745 | 5216 BCE | Denmark | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken (Vedbæk) (Zealand region) | M | U5b1d2 |
I-S21825 |
| NEO746 | 5466 BCE | Denmark | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken (Vedbæk) (Zealand region) | M | U4a2 |
I-L596 |
| NEO747 | 5208 BCE | Denmark | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken (Vedbæk) (Zealand region) | M | R1b1 |
I-S2555 |
| NEO748 | 5520 BCE | Denmark | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken (Vedbæk) (Zealand region) | M | U5b1d2 |
F |
| NEO749 | 5375 BCE | Denmark | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken (Vedbæk) (Zealand region) | M | U5b1d2 |
I-M423 |
| NEO1 | 5209 BCE | Denmark | Holmegard-Djursland (Jutland region) | M | U5a'b |
|
| NEO583 | 5474 BCE | Denmark | Koed (Jutland region) | F | U5a2b |
|
| NEO586 | 5478 BCE | Denmark | Koed (Jutland region) | M | U5a2c |
I |
| NEO853 | 4455 BCE | Denmark | Langø Skaldynge (Funen region) | F | R1b1 |
|
| NEO856 | 5369 BCE | Denmark | Nederst (Jutland region) | F | U5a2b |
|
| NEO852 | 4774 BCE | Denmark | Norsminde (Jutland region) | F | U5b1 |
|
| NEO598 | 4486 BCE | Denmark | Sølager (Zealand region) | F | R1b1 |
|
| NEO3 | 4535 BCE | Denmark | Vængesø II (Jutland region) | M | U5a |
I |
| NEO599 | 3355 BCE | Denmark | Vanløse Mose (Zealand region) | M | K2b1a |
Q-L56 |
| NEO792 | 2627 BCE | Denmark | Næs (Falster region) | M | U2e2a1a2 |
I-L161 |
| NEO925 | 3340 BCE | Denmark | Myrebjerg mose (Langeland region) | F | W1 |
|
| NEO960 | 4315 BCE | Denmark | Ravnsbjerggard II (Zealand region) | M | U5b2a2 |
I |
| NEO7 | 3702 BCE | Denmark | Sigersdal Mose (Zealand region) | M | H |
G-L830 |
| NEO943 | 2868 BCE | Denmark | Stenderup Hage (Funen region) | M | H+152 |
I-CTS616 |
| NEO872 | 2201 BCE | Denmark | Toftum Mose (Jutland region) | M | K2a5 |
R-M269 |
| NEO875 | 2437 BCE | Denmark | Toftum Mose (Jutland region) | M | U5b3b |
IJ |
| NEO791 | 5317 BCE | Denmark | Korsør Nor (Zealand region) | M | U5b1 |
I-L596 |
| NEO589 | 5800 BCE | Denmark | Korsør Nor (Zealand region) | M | U5a2b |
I-M423 |
| NEO122 | 6419 BCE | Denmark | Orehoved Sejlrende (Falster region) | F | U5a2b |
|
| NEO123 | 6437 BCE | Denmark | Orehoved Sejlrende (Falster region) | F | U5b1b |
|
| NEO19 | 6468 BCE | Denmark | Rønsten (Jutland region) | M | U5a2b |
I-CTS616 |
| NEO932 | 5710 BCE | Denmark | Tudse Hage (Zealand region) | F | K1e |
|
| NEO683 | 5968 BCE | Denmark | Tybrind Vig (Funen region) | F | U5a2b |
|
| NEO600 | 6074 BCE | Denmark | Vedbaek Boldbaner (Zealand region) | M | K1e |
I-Y16649 |
| NEO92 | 2398 BCE | Denmark | Barhøj (Strøby Egede) (Zealand region) | M | T2b |
R-L617 |
| NEO735 | 2196 BCE | Denmark | Borreby (Zealand region) | M | U4c1 |
R-S14328 |
| NEO737 | 2396 BCE | Denmark | Borreby (Zealand region) | M | U4b1a1a1 |
R-L52 |
| NEO934 | 2031 BCE | Denmark | Gammellung (Langeland region) | F | W1+119 |
|
| NEO738 | 2454 BCE | Denmark | Kolind (Jutland region) | M | J1c3g |
I-Z170 |
| NEO739 | 2200 BCE | Denmark | Kolind (Jutland region) | M | N1a1a1a1 |
I-Z170 |
| NEO878 | 2204 BCE | Denmark | Kyndeløse (Zealand region) | F | U4a2 |
|
| NEO857 | 1879 BCE | Denmark | Lollikehuse (Zealand region) | M | H3v+16093 |
I1 |
| NEO752 | 2008 BCE | Denmark | Madesø (Zealand region) | M | U5a1i1 |
R-Z19 |
| NEO860 | 2112 BCE | Denmark | Mosede Mose (Zealand region) | M | K1a1b2a1a |
R-Z255 |
| NEO861 | 2286 BCE | Denmark | Mosede Mose (Zealand region) | F | H6a1a |
|
| NEO93 | 1931 BCE | Denmark | Strøby Ladeplads (Zealand region) | M | K1a1b2b |
IJ |
| NEO876 | 2563 BCE | Denmark | Toftum Mose (Jutland region) | M | T2a1a |
R-M459 |
| NEO870 | 2454 BCE | Denmark | Toftum Mose (Jutland region) | M | T2b2 |
R-L151 |
| NEO13 | 7806 BCE | Denmark | Hedegaard (Bislev) (Jutland region) | M | H2a2a1 |
CT |
| NEO254 | 8698 BCE | Denmark | Koelbjerg (Funen region) | M | U5a2c |
I-M436 |
| NEO759 | 7447 BCE | Denmark | Køge Sønakke (Zealand region) | M | U5b2a+@16192 |
I-Y14158 |
| NEO587 | 5710 BCE | Denmark | Kongemose (Zealand region) | M | U5b1 |
I-M423 |
| NEO91 | 7337 BCE | Denmark | Strøby Grøftemar (Zealand region) | M | K1e |
I-M423 |
| NEO961 | 3356 BCE | Denmark | Avlebjerg (Strøby) (Zealand region) | F | K1b1a1 |
|
| NEO25 | 3336 BCE | Denmark | Kainsbakke II (Jutland region) | F | K1a+195 |
|
| NEO594 | 3363 BCE | Denmark | Neverkær Mose (Funen region) | M | K1a+195 |
I-CTS10057 |
| NEO898 | 3512 BCE | Denmark | Svinninge Vejle (Zealand region) | M | K1a3a |
I-Y3749 |
| NEO33 | 3353 BCE | Denmark | Vittrup (Jutland region) | M | H2a |
I-P37 |
| NEO306 | 2623 BCE | Estonia | Sope (Ida-Viru County, Lüganuse Municipality, Jabara Village) | F | R1b1 |
|
| NEO120 | 1516 BCE | France | Grotte Mandrin (Rhone-Alpes) | F | U5a2b3 |
|
| NEO119 | 2568 BCE | France | Grotte Mandrin (Rhone-Alpes) | F | U5b3 |
|
| NEO121 | 2848 BCE | France | Grotte Mandrin (Rhone-Alpes) | M | U4a2f |
I-L160 |
| NEO812 | 4686 BCE | France | Grotte du Gazel (Languedoc) | F | H1 |
|
| NEO813 | 4687 BCE | France | Grotte du Gazel (Languedoc) | F | H1 |
|
| NEO281 | 7944 BCE | Georgia | Kotias Klde | M | H13c |
J2 |
| NEO283 | 24059 BCE | Georgia | Kotias Klde | F | U4'9 |
|
| NEO130 | 5974 BCE | Hungary | Dezsk (Csongrád-Csanád County, Szeged) | F | V1 |
|
| NEO137 | 5722 BCE | Hungary | Hödmezövasarhely Kotac (Csongrád-Csanád County, Hódmezővásárhely) | F | H5b |
|
| NEO140 | 4845 BCE | Hungary | Gorzsa Cukormajor (Csongrád-Csanád County, Hódmezővásárhely) | M | T2b23 |
H-P96 |
| NEO142 | 4796 BCE | Hungary | Gorzsa Cukormajor (Csongrád-Csanád County, Hódmezővásárhely) | F | U1a1a |
|
| NEO143 | 4794 BCE | Hungary | Gorzsa Cukormajor (Csongrád-Csanád County, Hódmezővásárhely) | M | T2c1d1 |
J-M410 |
| NEO148 | 4785 BCE | Hungary | Gorzsa Cukormajor (Csongrád-Csanád County, Hódmezővásárhely) | F | U5b2c |
|
| NEO147 | 4938 BCE | Hungary | Gorzsa Cukormajor (Csongrád-Csanád County, Hódmezővásárhely) | F | J1c6 |
|
| NEO145 | 4890 BCE | Hungary | Gorzsa Cukormajor (Csongrád-Csanád County, Hódmezővásárhely) | F | T2c1d1 |
|
| NEO149 | 5209 BCE | Hungary | Gorzsa Cukormajor (Csongrád-Csanád County, Hódmezővásárhely) | M | N1a1a1a |
I-Y16649 |
| NEO817 | 7532 BCE | Iran | Tepe Guran (Ilam, Chardavol) | U | |
|
| NEO819 | 7486 BCE | Iran | Tepe Guran (Ilam, Chardavol) | F | U7a |
|
| NEO816 | 7000 BCE | Iran | Tepe Guran (Luristan) | M | R2 |
|
| NEO806 | 1386 BCE | Italy | Grotta Delle Mura (Puglia, Bari, Monopoli) | M | N1a1a1 |
J-Y21878 |
| NEO828 | 3300 BCE | Italy | Gaudo (Campania) | M | N1a1a1 |
J-PF5169 |
| NEO823 | 2852 BCE | Italy | Grotta Nisco (Apulia) | M | U1a1a |
G-F807 |
| NEO834 | 5552 BCE | Italy | Mora Cavorso (Lazio) | M | T2b |
G-P15 |
| NEO695 | 5621 BCE | Italy | Maddalena di Muccia (Marche, Macerata, Muccia) | F | J1c3j |
|
| NEO830 | 3516 BCE | Italy | Fontenoce (Marche, Macerata, Recanati) | F | I1c1a |
|
| NEO57 | 3011 BCE | Kazakhstan | Biestamak (Kostanay Region, Auliekol District) | F | A10 |
|
| NEO902 | 411 BCE | Kazakhstan | Sjauke-1 (Pavlodar Region, Pavlodar municipality) | M | J1b1a1 |
Q-L56 |
| NEO901 | 685 CE | Kazakhstan | Sjauke settlement (Pavlodar Region, Pavlodar municipality) | F | D4e4 |
|
| NEO899 | 2192 BCE | Kazakhstan | Grigor'yevka-1 (Pavlodar Region, Pavlodar District) | F | U2e1 |
|
| NEO900 | 2404 BCE | Kazakhstan | Sjauke (Pavlodar Region, Pavlodar municipality) | M | U2e1 |
N |
| NEO904 | 2285 BCE | Kazakhstan | Sjiderti-10 (Pavlodar Region, Ekibastuz municipality) | F | C4a1 |
|
| NEO307 | 6336 BCE | Latvia | Zvejnieki (Zemgale, Neretas District) | M | U5a2d |
I-Z161 |
| NEO17 | 7589 BCE | Norway | Hummervikholmen (Agder, Søgne nor) | M | U4 |
I-S6635 |
| NEO640 | 3491 BCE | Poland | Slonowice (Lesser Poland, Kazimierski, Kazimierza Wielka) | M | H |
G-PF3345 |
| NEO641 | 3629 BCE | Poland | Slonowice (Lesser Poland, Kazimierski, Kazimierza Wielka) | F | H7d |
|
| NEO631 | 5306 BCE | Portugal | Gruta do Caldeirão (Santarém, Tomar) | M | T2b3+151 |
I2 |
| NEO632 | 5474 BCE | Portugal | Gruta do Caldeirão (Santarém, Tomar) | M | J2b1a |
I-M423 |
| NEO603 | 2563 BCE | Portugal | São Paulo-2 (Setúbal, Almada) | F | V+@16298 |
|
| NEO609 | 2470 BCE | Portugal | São Paulo-2 (Setúbal, Almada) | M | K1a1 |
I-L161 |
| NEO671 | 7478 BCE | Romania | Schela-Cladovei (Mehedinți County, Drobeta-Turnu Severin) | M | U4a |
R-V2219 |
| NEO672 | 7574 BCE | Romania | Schela-Cladovei (Mehedinți County, Drobeta-Turnu Severin) | F | K1b2 |
|
| NEO674 | 3971 BCE | Romania | Baile Herculane (Caraș-Severin County, Băile Herculane) | M | U8b1b1 |
I-L701 |
| NEO61 | 1738 BCE | Russia | Bolshoy-Oleniy-Ostrov (Murmansk Oblast, Alexandrovsk municipality) | F | U5a2d |
|
| NEO62 | 1687 BCE | Russia | Bolshoy-Oleniy-Ostrov (Murmansk Oblast, Alexandrovsk municipality) | F | Z1a1a |
|
| NEO60 | 1625 BCE | Russia | Bolshoy-Oleniy-Ostrov (Murmansk Oblast, Alexandrovsk municipality) | F | U5a1d2 |
|
| NEO175 | 2843 BCE | Russia | Ksizovo-6 (Lipetsk Oblast, Zadonsky District) | M | U2e1'2'3 |
I-Y20885 |
| NEO113 | 5624 BCE | Russia | Golubaya-Krinitsa (Voronezh Oblast, Rossoshansky District, Golubaya Krinitsa Village) | M | U2e1a |
R-M459 |
| NEO204 | 5632 BCE | Russia | Golubaya-Krinitsa (Voronezh Oblast, Rossoshansky District, Golubaya Krinitsa Village) | M | U4 |
I-Y3259 |
| NEO207 | 5510 BCE | Russia | Golubaya-Krinitsa (Voronezh Oblast, Rossoshansky District, Golubaya Krinitsa Village) | F | U5a1c |
|
| NEO209 | 5621 BCE | Russia | Golubaya-Krinitsa (Voronezh Oblast, Rossoshansky District, Golubaya Krinitsa Village) | M | U5b2 |
R-M459 |
| NEO210 | 5664 BCE | Russia | Golubaya-Krinitsa (Voronezh Oblast, Rossoshansky District, Golubaya Krinitsa Village) | M | U5a2b |
R1a |
| NEO212 | 5719 BCE | Russia | Golubaya-Krinitsa (Voronezh Oblast, Rossoshansky District, Golubaya Krinitsa Village) | M | U4a2a |
I-Y5606 |
| NEO538 | 986 BCE | Russia | Minino 1 (Vologda Oblast, Vologda District, Minino Village) | M | U5a1d2b |
N-SK1485 |
| NEO70 | 1192 BCE | Russia | Bazaikha (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Krasnoyarsk municipality) | M | F1b1b |
N-Y6503 |
| NEO841 | 5727 BCE | Russia | Sosnovy-Mys (Irkutsk Oblast, Ust-Ilimsky District, Kata, Sosnovy Island) | F | A+152+16362+16189 |
|
| NEO843 | 5664 BCE | Russia | Sosnovy-Mys (Irkutsk Oblast, Ust-Ilimsky District, Kata, Sosnovy Island) | F | R11 |
|
| NEO199 | 5989 BCE | Russia | Fofonovo (Buryatia, Kabansky District, Fofonovo Village) | M | R11 |
Q-YP4010 |
| NEO200 | 5797 BCE | Russia | Fofonovo (Buryatia, Kabansky District, Fofonovo Village) | M | C4 |
Q-YP4010 |
| NEO201 | 5887 BCE | Russia | Fofonovo (Buryatia, Kabansky District, Fofonovo Village) | M | C4 |
Q-YP4010 |
| NEO73 | 6370 BCE | Russia | Mergen-6 (Tyumen Oblast, Ishimsky District) | F | U2e3 |
|
| NEO72 | 7313 BCE | Russia | Mergen-6 (Tyumen Oblast, Ishimsky District) | M | R1b1 |
Q-L56 |
| NEO64 | 4706 BCE | Russia | Itkul (Bolshoy-Mys) (Altai Krai, Zonalny District, Vershinino Village) | M | R1b1 |
C-Y11990 |
| NEO63 | 5636 BCE | Russia | Itkul (Bolshoy-Mys) (Altai Krai, Zonalny District, Vershinino Village) | M | A+152+16362 |
Q-YP832 |
| NEO65 | 3359 BCE | Russia | Kostenkova-Izbushka (Altai Krai, Zonalny District, Vershinino Village) | M | A8a1 |
C-Y11990 |
| NEO67 | 5642 BCE | Russia | Ust'-Isha (Altai Krai, Krasnogorsky District, Ust'-Isha Village) | M | U5a2 |
C-F3918 |
| NEO75 | 5633 BCE | Russia | Omsk-2 (Omsk Oblast, Omsk City) | M | T2d |
Q-YP1669 |
| NEO78 | 5621 BCE | Russia | Omsk-2 (Omsk Oblast, Omsk City) | M | U4a1 |
Q-YP1669 |
| NEO309 | 4489 BCE | Russia | Protoka (Novosibirsk Oblast, Kyshtovsky District) | M | A10 |
Q-L940 |
| NEO192 | 5319 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2 (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | F | K1b2 |
|
| NEO185 | 5474 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U4a1 |
Q-M930 |
| NEO186 | 5476 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U5a1d |
R-L754 |
| NEO184 | 3946 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-8 (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | F | U5a2d |
|
| NEO100 | 8342 BCE | Russia | Ural-River (Orenburg Oblast, Ileksky District) | M | H2a2a1 |
Q-L56 |
| NEO539 | 8799 BCE | Russia | Minino 1 (Vologda Oblast, Vologda District, Minino Village) | F | U4 |
|
| NEO536 | 8325 BCE | Russia | Minino 1 (Vologda Oblast, Vologda District, Minino Village) | M | U4 |
R-P297 |
| NEO537 | 6596 BCE | Russia | Minino 1 (Vologda Oblast, Vologda District, Minino Village) | M | U4a |
R-P297 |
| NEO172 | 5296 BCE | Russia | Ksizovo-6 (Lipetsk Oblast, Zadonsky District) | M | U5a2b2 |
R1b |
| NEO687 | 3893 BCE | Russia | Kumyshanskaya Cave (Sverdlovsk Oblast, Shalinsky District) | M | U5a1d2 |
R-YP4141 |
| NEO910 | 2464 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | F | C4+152 |
|
| NEO81 | 2029 BCE | Russia | Borovyanka-17 (Omsk Oblast, Bolsherechensky District, Borovyanka Village) | M | C5c |
R-YP5018 |
| NEO80 | 3641 BCE | Russia | Borovyanka-17 (Omsk Oblast, Bolsherechensky District, Borovyanka Village) | F | C |
|
| NEO83 | 4352 BCE | Russia | Borovyanka-17 (Omsk Oblast, Bolsherechensky District, Borovyanka Village) | M | U4a |
R-M478 |
| NEO79 | 3517 BCE | Russia | Okunevo burials (Omsk Oblast, Muromtsevsky District, Okunevo Village) | F | U2e1'2'3 |
|
| NEO68 | 3487 BCE | Russia | Okunevo burials (Omsk Oblast, Muromtsevsky District, Okunevo Village) | F | D4j |
|
| NEO77 | 3623 BCE | Russia | Okunevo burials (Omsk Oblast, Muromtsevsky District, Okunevo Village) | M | C4+152 |
Q |
| NEO76 | 2906 BCE | Russia | Ostrov-2 (Omsk Oblast, Omsk municipality) | F | U4a2 |
|
| NEO907 | 4336 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | M | A8a |
C-F1699 |
| NEO911 | 5479 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | M | C5c |
Q-L940 |
| NEO912 | 4247 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | F | C4+152 |
|
| NEO915 | 4437 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | M | C4+152 |
Q |
| NEO916 | 4438 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | M | H2a2a1 |
BT |
| NEO917 | 4232 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | M | C4 |
Q-L712 |
| NEO918 | 4230 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | F | U2e2a |
|
| NEO923 | 4451 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | F | A10 |
|
| NEO921 | 2906 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | F | R1b1 |
|
| NEO922 | 6218 BCE | Russia | Vengerovo-2 (Novosibirsk Oblast, Vengerovsky District) | M | U2e3 |
Q-L56 |
| NEO173 | 4719 BCE | Russia | Ksizovo-6 (Lipetsk Oblast, Zadonsky District) | F | U5a2b2 |
|
| NEO174 | 3711 BCE | Russia | Ksizovo-6 (Lipetsk Oblast, Zadonsky District) | F | W6a |
|
| NEO170 | 3975 BCE | Russia | Vasilyevskiy kordon-17 (Lipetsk Oblast, Dobrovsky District) | F | U2e1e |
|
| NEO171 | 4322 BCE | Russia | Vasilyevskiy kordon-17 (Lipetsk Oblast, Dobrovsky District) | F | U5a1+@16192 |
|
| NEO167 | 4050 BCE | Russia | Vasilyevskiy kordon-17 (Lipetsk Oblast, Dobrovsky District) | F | U2e1e |
|
| NEO168 | 3945 BCE | Russia | Vasilyevskiy kordon-17 (Lipetsk Oblast, Dobrovsky District) | F | U5a1+@16192 |
|
| NEO166 | 4046 BCE | Russia | Vasilyevskiy kordon-17 (Lipetsk Oblast, Dobrovsky District) | M | U5a1f1 |
R-Y13200 |
| NEO164 | 4213 BCE | Russia | Vasilyevskiy kordon-17 (Lipetsk Oblast, Dobrovsky District) | M | U5a1d1 |
R-M198 |
| NEO163 | 4042 BCE | Russia | Vasilyevskiy kordon-17 (Lipetsk Oblast, Dobrovsky District) | M | U5a2 |
J-Y6313 |
| NEO160 | 3978 BCE | Russia | Vasilyevskiy kordon-17 (Lipetsk Oblast, Dobrovsky District) | F | U5a1d1 |
|
| NEO162 | 5473 BCE | Russia | Vasilyevskiy kordon-17 (Lipetsk Oblast, Dobrovsky District) | F | U5a1d1 |
|
| NEO116 | 6396 BCE | Russia | Pad’ Tokui (Zabaykalsky Krai, Krasnochikoysky District) | F | C4a1a1 |
|
| NEO117 | 6062 BCE | Russia | Zhindo (Zabaykalsky Krai, Krasnochikoysky District) | M | C4a1a+195 |
N-L666 |
| NEO115 | 5974 BCE | Russia | Zhindo (Zabaykalsky Krai, Krasnochikoysky District) | M | F1b1+@152 |
N-F1360 |
| NEO555 | 6640 BCE | Russia | Karavaikha (Vologda Oblast, Kirillovsky District, Karavaikha Village) | M | T2a1b1 |
R-P297 |
| NEO556 | 5624 BCE | Russia | Karavaikha (Vologda Oblast, Kirillovsky District, Karavaikha Village) | F | U4a1 |
|
| NEO557 | 6598 BCE | Russia | Karavaikha (Vologda Oblast, Kirillovsky District, Karavaikha Village) | M | U4 |
R-Y13200 |
| NEO558 | 6472 BCE | Russia | Karavaikha (Vologda Oblast, Kirillovsky District, Karavaikha Village) | M | K1+16362 |
R1a |
| NEO559 | 6637 BCE | Russia | Karavaikha (Vologda Oblast, Kirillovsky District, Karavaikha Village) | M | U5a1 |
R-P297 |
| NEO560 | 6351 BCE | Russia | Karavaikha (Vologda Oblast, Kirillovsky District, Karavaikha Village) | M | U5a1 |
R-P297 |
| NEO561 | 6587 BCE | Russia | Karavaikha (Vologda Oblast, Kirillovsky District, Karavaikha Village) | F | U5a1 |
|
| NEO202 | 9858 BCE | Russia | Peschanitsa (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Kargopolsky District) | M | U4a1 |
R1a |
| NEO554 | 6421 BCE | Russia | Pogostishche-1 (Vologda Oblast, Kirillovsky District) | F | U5a2d |
|
| NEO87 | 6594 BCE | Russia | Zamostye-2 (Moscow Oblast, Sergiyevo-Posadsky District) | F | U5a1 |
|
| NEO88 | 6462 BCE | Russia | Zamostye-2 (Moscow Oblast, Sergiyevo-Posadsky District) | M | U5a1c |
R-P297 |
| NEO158 | 4242 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2 (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U2e1e |
R-Y13200 |
| NEO178 | 3639 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2 (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U5a1d |
I-S21825 |
| NEO179 | 3772 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2 (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | F | U5a2d |
|
| NEO187 | 3520 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | F | U2e1e |
|
| NEO188 | 3770 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U5a1f1 |
I-Z161 |
| NEO189 | 4046 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U5a2d |
R-M198 |
| NEO180 | 4313 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U5b2c1 |
R-Y13200 |
| NEO181 | 4321 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U2e1e |
F |
| NEO182 | 3639 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U5b1b1+@16192 |
R |
| NEO183 | 3946 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U5b1b1+@16192 |
R-Y13200 |
| NEO193 | 3936 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U2e1e |
R-Y13200 |
| NEO194 | 4043 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U4b1b1 |
R-Y13200 |
| NEO195 | 4048 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U5a2d |
I-S21825 |
| NEO197 | 3651 BCE | Russia | Sakhtysh-2a (Ivanovo Oblast, Teykovsky District, Sakhtysh Village) | M | U5a2d |
I-S21825 |
| NEO102 | 4236 BCE | Russia | Afontova-Gora (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Krasnoyarsk municipality) | M | U2e1h |
Q-YP4004 |
| NEO292 | 4361 BCE | Russia | Dolgoye-Ozero (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Kansk municipality) | M | A+152+16362+16189 |
Q-YP4010 |
| NEO658 | 6222 BCE | Serbia | Lepenski-Vir (Bor District, Majdanpek Municipality, Boljetin) | F | N1a1a1a2 |
|
| NEO669 | 8300 BCE | Serbia | Lepenski-Vir (Bor District, Majdanpek Municipality, Boljetin) | F | H13 |
|
| NEO655 | 7500 BCE | Serbia | Vlasac (Bor District, Majdanpek Municipality, Boljetin) | F | HV+16311 |
|
| NEO657 | 7500 BCE | Serbia | Vlasac (Bor District, Majdanpek Municipality, Boljetin) | F | K1b1b1 |
|
| NEO677 | 7500 BCE | Serbia | Vlasac (Bor District, Majdanpek Municipality, Boljetin) | M | K1+16362 |
R-V2219 |
| NEO650 | 2334 BCE | Spain | El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes) | M | J1c1 |
R-M269 |
| NEO649 | 2402 BCE | Spain | El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes) | M | H1+16355 |
R-L23 |
| NEO646 | 6589 BCE | Spain | El Mazo (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes) | F | U5b1b1 |
|
| NEO938 | 6210 BCE | Spain | El Mazo (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes) | F | U5a2a |
|
| NEO648 | 5785 BCE | Spain | El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes) | M | U5a2a |
I-CTS595 |
| NEO653 | 1601 BCE | Spain | El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes) | F | HV0d |
|
| NEO721 | 2622 BCE | Spain | Camino de las Yeseras (Madrid) | F | U5b3 |
|
| NEO694 | 7648 BCE | Spain | Santa Maira (Comunitat Valenciana, Alicante, Cocentaina) | M | U2'3'4'7'8'9 |
I-S21825 |
| NEO260 | 4232 BCE | Sweden | Evensås (Västra Götalands län, Uddevalla) | M | R1b1 |
I-S6724 |
| NEO679 | 5198 BCE | Sweden | Skateholm-1 (Skåne län, Trelleborg) | F | U5b2a1a |
|
| NEO261 | 2191 BCE | Sweden | Sillvik (Västra Götalands län, Gothenburg) | M | T2b |
I-DF29 |
| NEO52 | 2010 BCE | Sweden | Vattenledningen (Skåne län, Vellinge) | M | H3g4 |
R-BY32361 |
| NEO224 | 2112 BCE | Sweden | Falköping-5 (Västra Götalands län, Falköping) | F | HV6 |
|
| NEO225 | 1900 BCE | Sweden | Falköping-5 (Västra Götalands län, Falköping) | F | U5b2a1a1 |
|
| NEO226 | 1920 BCE | Sweden | Falköping-5 (Västra Götalands län, Falköping) | F | I3d |
|
| NEO227 | 2116 BCE | Sweden | Falköping-5 (Västra Götalands län, Falköping) | M | H1a3 |
I1 |
| NEO228 | 2031 BCE | Sweden | Falköping-5 (Västra Götalands län, Falköping) | M | H3h |
I1 |
| NEO220 | 2140 BCE | Sweden | Falköping-5 (Västra Götalands län, Falköping) | M | H13a1a |
I-Y18697 |
| NEO221 | 1874 BCE | Sweden | Falköping-5 (Västra Götalands län, Falköping) | M | H1a3 |
R-M198 |
| NEO223 | 2135 BCE | Sweden | Falköping-5 (Västra Götalands län, Falköping) | M | W1b1 |
I1 |
| NEO27 | 7943 BCE | Sweden | Bredgården (Västra Götalands län, Ulricehamn) | M | U5a2 |
I-S21825 |
| NEO18 | 8238 BCE | Sweden | Hanaskede (Västra Götalands län, Skara) | M | U5a1 |
I-S21825 |
| NEO46 | 3768 BCE | Sweden | Ängdala (Skåne län, Malmö) | F | T2b |
|
| NEO259 | 3095 BCE | Sweden | Frälsegården (Västra Götalands län, Falköping) | M | K2a |
I |
| NEO36 | 3495 BCE | Sweden | Hindby mosse (Skåne län, Malmö) | F | K2b1a |
|
| NEO38 | 3335 BCE | Sweden | Hindby mosse (Skåne län, Malmö) | F | K1a3 |
|
| NEO39 | 3336 BCE | Sweden | Hindby mosse (Skåne län, Malmö) | M | H49 |
I-L161 |
| NEO44 | 2619 BCE | Sweden | Dösemarken (Skåne län, Malmö) | F | J1c2 |
|
| NEO51 | 2569 BCE | Sweden | Kastanjegården (Skåne län, Malmö) | F | U4d1 |
|
| NEO310 | 4800 BCE | Turkmenistan | Monjukli-Depe (Ahai, Kaka) | M | H14 |
L-L1307 |
| NEO522 | 4682 BCE | Ukraine | Volos'ke (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District) | M | U5a1 |
I-L701 |
| NEO527 | 9853 BCE | Ukraine | Volos'ke (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District) | F | U2e1 |
|
| NEO521 | 7032 BCE | Ukraine | Igren'-8 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Dnipro municipality) | F | U5b2b |
|
| NEO516 | 5640 BCE | Ukraine | Igren'-8 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Dnipro municipality) | M | U5a1i |
Q-L56 |
| NEO262 | 5215 BCE | Ukraine | Lysa Gora (Zaporizhia Oblast, Vasylivka Raion) | M | U5a1+@16192 |
R-V88 |
| NEO265 | 4238 BCE | Ukraine | Lysa Gora (Zaporizhia Oblast, Vasylivka Raion) | M | U5a2+16362 |
I-L701 |
| NEO268 | 5727 BCE | Ukraine | Mamai-Gora (Zaporizhia Oblast, Vasylivka District, Kamianka-Dniprovska municipality) | M | U5a2+16294 |
R-V88 |
| NEO270 | 5766 BCE | Ukraine | Mamai-Gora (Zaporizhia Oblast, Vasylivka District, Kamianka-Dniprovska municipality) | M | U4d |
IJ |
| NEO300 | 5462 BCE | Ukraine | Vilnianka (Zaporizhia Oblast, Zaporizhia District, Vilniansk municipality) | F | U5b2 |
|
| NEO302 | 5480 BCE | Ukraine | Vilnianka (Zaporizhia Oblast, Zaporizhia District, Vilniansk municipality) | M | U4a |
I-Y5606 |
| NEO304 | 5613 BCE | Ukraine | Vilnianka (Zaporizhia Oblast, Zaporizhia District, Vilniansk municipality) | M | U5a2d |
I-Y5606 |
| NEO514 | 5359 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-2 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Solone municipality) | M | H2a |
I |
| NEO502 | 5361 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-2 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Solone municipality) | M | U5b1 |
I-S2519 |
| NEO503 | 5473 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-2 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Solone municipality) | F | U5a2d |
|
| NEO507 | 5554 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-2 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Solone municipality) | M | U5b2 |
R-V88 |
| NEO508 | 4984 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-2 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Solone municipality) | F | U4a1 |
|
| NEO524 | 5615 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-2 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Solone municipality) | M | U5a1j |
I |
| NEO498 | 5623 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-2 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Solone municipality) | M | U4a1 |
R-V88 |
| NEO278 | 1117 BCE | Ukraine | Kleshnya-3 (Luhansk Oblast, Sievierodonetsk District) | M | U5b1a |
R-M198 |
| NEO509 | 2888 BCE | Ukraine | Igren'-8 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Dnipro municipality) | M | U5a1j |
R-Z2106 |
| NEO501 | 9446 BCE | Ukraine | Vasylivka-1 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Synelnykove District, Rajivka municipality) | M | U5a2 |
Q |
| NEO492 | 9400 BCE | Ukraine | Vasylivka-1 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Synelnykove District, Rajivka municipality) | M | U2e |
F |
| NEO494 | 9664 BCE | Ukraine | Vasylivka-1 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Synelnykove District, Rajivka municipality) | M | U5a1d |
R1b |
| NEO496 | 9400 BCE | Ukraine | Vasylivka-1 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Synelnykove District, Rajivka municipality) | M | |
I-BY71227 |
| NEO497 | 9400 BCE | Ukraine | Vasylivka-1 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Synelnykove District, Rajivka municipality) | M | U4 |
P-P337 |
| NEO545 | 9664 BCE | Ukraine | Vasylivka-1 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Synelnykove District, Rajivka municipality) | M | H2a |
I |
| NEO549 | 9366 BCE | Ukraine | Vasylivka-1 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Synelnykove District, Rajivka municipality) | M | H2a2a1 |
I-S21825 |
| NEO550 | 10509 BCE | Ukraine | Vasylivka-1 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Synelnykove District, Rajivka municipality) | F | H2a2a1 |
|
| NEO305 | 5322 BCE | Ukraine | Vasylivka (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast) | M | U4a |
I-Y5606 |
| NEO551 | 5741 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-1 (Zaporizhia Oblast, Zaporizhia District, Petro-Mykhailivka municipality) | F | U5a2+16362 |
|
| NEO552 | 5611 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-1 (Zaporizhia Oblast, Zaporizhia District, Petro-Mykhailivka municipality) | M | U2e1 |
I-S2519 |
| NEO553 | 5618 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-1 (Zaporizhia Oblast, Zaporizhia District, Petro-Mykhailivka municipality) | F | U5a |
|
| NEO528 | 5481 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-1 (Zaporizhia Oblast, Zaporizhia District, Petro-Mykhailivka municipality) | M | T2 |
I-Y10720 |
| NEO529 | 5474 BCE | Ukraine | Vovnihy-1 (Zaporizhia Oblast, Zaporizhia District, Petro-Mykhailivka municipality) | F | U5a1 |
|
| NEO518 | 542 BCE | Ukraine | Igren'-8 (Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Dnipro District, Dnipro municipality) | M | U5a2d |
R-YP1455 |
| NEO717 | 3092 BCE | United Kingdom | Banks tomb (Orkney) | M | K1a+195 |
I-L161 |
| NEO630 | 3086 BCE | United Kingdom | Banks tomb (Orkney) | M | H67 |
I-Y12993 |
| NEO624 | 3091 BCE | United Kingdom | Banks tomb (Orkney) | F | K1b1a1 |
|
| NEO625 | 3366 BCE | United Kingdom | Banks tomb (Orkney) | M | U5b1c |
I-A8742 |
| NEO626 | 3495 BCE | United Kingdom | Banks tomb (Orkney) | M | H1 |
I-L161 |
| NEO627 | 3365 BCE | United Kingdom | Banks tomb (Orkney) | M | U5b1c |
I-Y12993 |
| NEO847 | 3639 BCE | United Kingdom | Hetty Peglers Tump (Gloucestershire) | M | X2b4 |
I-Y3712 |
Chapter IV
Analysis
Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings
Important Disclaimer: This review has been performed semi-automatically and is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this analysis may contain errors, omissions, or misinterpretations of the original research. DNA Genics disclaims all liability for any inaccuracies, errors, or consequences arising from the use of this information. Users should independently verify all information and consult original research publications before making any decisions based on this content. This analysis is not intended as a substitute for professional scientific review or medical advice.